The Wind of Change, by The Scorpions Essay - 1023 Words

Every once in a while there are songs that enclose a message that appeals to feelings of common interest as well as historical events. The interesting thing about these songs is that they give to the future listeners a perception of what was being felt about that specific moment in history. For instance, â€Å"The Wind of Change† by the Scorpions is one of the few songs that as far as I know do this. This song is about the historical changes that succeeded the downfall of communism as well as the Berlin wall. Hence, the lyric of this song encloses the feelings of a generation that sees peace and freedom for the first time after a long time of hostile political relationships. This message could be perceived after the first time the song is†¦show more content†¦For instance wind is a natural movement of air at any velocity that blows horizontally through the earth surface. In addition to this, similes and metaphors go by the hand together to introduce important ideas li ke human unity. The phrase â€Å"The world is closing in† is the second metaphor that is found in this song. In essence, through this metaphor the author portrays how humanity is able to get together as the barriers that once stops it are disappearing. Along with this metaphor comes the simile of being â€Å"so close, like brothers.† Therefore, the idea of unity is repeated again, but now into a closer filial level. This last phrase has a more real meaning about what it takes to bring the world together in despite of the many social and political difference that exists. Though it sounds like something not likely to happen because of the many efforts done for it to happen, is yet not impossible to become real. Following to an exceptional use of metaphor that captures the atmosphere of excitement for peace of the decade this song was written, appears a strong presence of imagery throughout the song to do the same. Yet, the use of imagery with connotative and denotative language also enriches the message and the historical background this song compels. Along with the phrase â€Å"wind of change† comes the use of the verbs â€Å"listening†Show MoreRelatedThe Epic of Gilgamesh Poem1357 Words   |  6 Pagesand needs to be satisfied with his responsibilities over his people. Gilgamesh is able to reach a balance between being a king, god and man by accepting his mortality and his duties over his people of Uruk. As a king, Gilgamesh went through a change. Gilgamesh built the city of Uruk with outstanding inner and outer walls. He also built temples for the god of the heavens and for the goddess of war and love. He also made sure he made beautiful fields and ponds throughout Uruk. Gilgamesh startsRead MoreSong Analysis of Wind of Change612 Words   |  2 PagesThe 1991 hit song Wind of Change from the German band Scorpions is iconic for the 1990s and is probably one of the most evocative songs produced at the end of the Cold War. Tensions were high during the early 1990s and people were starting to feel that something was changing about society. One can practically associate the single with the fall of the Iron Curtain, especially considering the feelings experienced by Easterners and Westerners alike at the time when they acknowledged the end of anRead MoreThe Pearl By John Steinbeck Analysis978 Words   |  4 PagesJuana live on the poor side of this town with their child named Coyoti to. They soon found, as they think, the pearl of the world. They trust their lives could become better, however must to their dismay the pearl would convey obliteration and intense changes to their lives forever. The author, John Steinbeck, believes that greed is a corruption of evil that can only bring suffering to people’s lives. People are shown to be attentive in their own interest. John Steinbeck incorporates symbolism and characterizationRead MoreSymbolism And Symbolism In John Steinbecks The Pearl1004 Words   |  5 PagesJuana live on the poor side of this town with their child named Coyotito. They soon found, as they think, the pearl of the world. They trust their lives could become better, however must to their dismay the pearl would convey obliteration and intense changes to their lives forever. The author, John Steinbeck, believes that greed is a corruption of evil that can only bring suffering to people’s lives. People are shown to be attentive in their o wn interest. John Steinbeck incorporates symbolism and characterizationRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Pearl By John Steinbeck968 Words   |  4 PagesJuana live on the poor side of this town with their child named Coyotito. They soon found, as they think, the pearl of the world. They trust their lives could become better, however must to their dismay the pearl would convey obliteration and intense changes to their lives forever. The author, John Steinbeck, believes that greed is a corruption of evil that can only bring suffering to people’s lives. People are shown to be attentive in their own interest. John Steinbeck incorporates symbolism and characterizationRead MoreA Night of Fear Essay574 Words   |  3 Pagestaking drugs why should I deprive myself of all this enjoyed because Ive given my life to Christ. Why? Am I insane giving up all this enjoyment just for Christ! But what I didnt know was that all this avoiding of Christ was going to Change my life forever and everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. My mum always used to say to me give your life to Christ before its too late what she meant in the phrase to late was in the Christian Bible there are accounts in Revelation a book in the Bible referring Read MoreIsis: The Egyptian Goddess2739 Words   |  11 Pageseverlasting life, at which time Osiris ascend to the immortal world. Isis stay in hiding with Horus as he grow up and taught. She knew he would need to be tough to get back the power of the throne, which was lawfully his. Isis opens him to wild animals and scorpion bites in an attempt to provide him power (Bolen 1985). Every time he was assaulted or intoxicated he was protected. Osiris, his father, descend to train him weapons. In due course, Horus dares Set for the throne of Egypt. Horus goes ahead of theRead MoreAn Unexpected Romance1092 Words   |  4 Pagesshe doubted if he’d miss her anyway. She intended to enjoy Levi’s easy-going friendship, and in the process, she’d have a look around starting with canyon near Calf Creek. Maybe they’d spot Sam and George. Let Jake think what he wanted, she couldn’t change his opinion of her anyway. Levi adjusted his hat and grinned. â€Å"I can’t think of anything I’d rather do.† They saddled up and left the spread at midmorning. An hour into their journey, Kat reined Sampson in and stretched, thankful the riding clothesRead MoreAnalysis Of Metallic Decades Of Metal Dominance1660 Words   |  7 Pagescollaboration of heavy metal and rock bands all at one venue. With the line-up of several bands including, Metallica, Scorpions, Van Halen and Dokken, the tour was predicted to be the heavy metal event of the decade (Walser, 5). However, the US tour did not reach those heights of greatness due to low attendance. As Metallica’s roller coaster ride throughout the 80’s began to wind down, the band was invited to perform at the Grammy’s in 1989 (Sharp-Young, 126). Fans also anticipated a first GrammyRead MoreEssay on The Nature and Role of the Ocean in the Medieval Imagination1525 Words   |  7 Pagesdown to the seashore unarmed, and leave this part of Ireland without delay, taking none of your property with you ... and when you have come to the sea, board a small boat made of single hide, without rudder or oar, and be ready to go wherever the wind or sea shall carry you... This form of forced exile was called Deorad and was common in the Early Christian period for sinners. It was common that they died at sea, drowning or starving. However, sometimes they did come to land and they survived

Can You Think Of A Time When Someone Presumed That You

Can you think of a time when someone presumed that you had a characteristic, either positive or negative, based on a group to which you belong without knowing you as an individual? Are you aware of ever having judged someone inaccurately? Unconscious biases are a fact of life. We all harbor them—and take them into the workplace. Unconscious Bias (also known as hidden bias or implicit bias) refers to bias that we are unaware of, and which happens outside of our control. It is a bias that happens automatically and is triggered by our brain making quick judgments and assessments of people and situations, influenced by our background, cultural environment, and personal experiences. Numerous studies since the 1980s have confirmed that people†¦show more content†¦And a third filter tempts us to accept information that confirms our beliefs about people who are different from us and to reject information that contradicts those beliefs. Explicit biases (also known as conscious biases) are evident in what people say and do, and chances are those who have such prejudices are aware of them. The manager who talks negatively about â€Å"the millennials† knows she holds the younger generation in low regard. The person who uses racist slurs doesn’t try to hide his dislike of other races. The executive who believes women shouldn’t be in leadership roles avoids recommending a female subordinate for promotion. These biases are all on the surface. Consequently, it’s relatively easy to see the connection between these individuals’ prejudices and their behavior in the workplace. Not so with implicit or unconscious biases. Without realizing it, we may prefer to associate with younger people rather than older people, or enjoy the company of women more than men, or react more harmoniously to people of our own race. More concerning: we may unconsciously associate one group with positive stereotypes and another group with negative ones. Recent studies in psychology suggest that we all have implicit biases and that these biases influence our decisions. Deep prejudices or stereotypes imparted by upbringing, culture and mass media that influence our perceptions about people and our behavior toward them. Skin color, gender, age are generallyShow MoreRelatedRelationships, Fate, And Freewill Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Sophomore Honors English Summer Assignment Period 3 Relationships, Fate, and Freewill Relationships aren’t just a romantic pairing between two people. A platonic friendship can be a form of a relationship. Student and teacher, boss and employee, business owner and customer are all examples of relationships. I feel that this thematic unit will represent relationships between different types of people, and also different type of relationships such as physical and emotional. For me, relationshipsRead MoreShould The Sale Of Organs Become Legalized?1494 Words   |  6 Pagesobligation to ensure that every race, culture, ethnicity or economical background has equal access to medical benefits. So is there an alternative solution to this growing crisis? One main alternative is the presumed consent system that is in place in a few countries around the world. Presumed consent is known as an opt-out system and means that unless the deceased has expressed a wish in life not to be an organ donor then consent will be assumed and their organs will be donated. Currently th ereRead MoreGovernment Overseeing A Compensation Donation System2300 Words   |  10 Pagesideal answer. Others have suggested something else that’s already in play at the EU. In the late 1990’s many European Union countries adopted the â€Å"presumed consent† idea, the concept is that when you die your organs are automatically donated unless the donor objects and expresses that they do not want to donate their organs. The countries with the â€Å"presumed consent† concept have seen a significant rise in organ donations, some countries have even almost been able to match the need for organs with theRead MoreThe Dead Poets Society s Central Theme875 Words   |  4 PagesKeating. Theme: As the film progresses, it becomes readily apparent that each primary character faces a challenge. These conflicts help suggest a theme, or central message, that the author and director are trying to impart to the audience. What do you consider to be Dead Poets Society‘s central theme? The Dead Poets Society’s major theme is Carpe Diem or seize the day. This was the message that Mr. Keating sent to all of his students through his lessons. He wanted them to stand out, find out whoRead MoreOnline Dating Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagescannot meet someone in their everyday lives so they turn to the internet to find a prospective partner, people us the internet as a way of meeting new people Online dating has become the new way of finding your soul mate The internet has made dating more convenient you no longer to have to go out to a bar and spend money trying to impress or you really don’t have, for people who are shy this is the perfect way to screen a potential in the privacy. I thought I would never talk to someone online norRead MoreEssay Prejudice Towards Men With Long Hair619 Words   |  3 Pagesethnicity. Another type of prejudice is when someone is judged strictly by the way they look. One firm example would be men having long hair. To many peop le, this type seems eccentric; however, it is more typical than presumed. I have witnessed this type of prejudice firsthand. My boyfriend has longer hair than I and for this reason, he has been discriminated against many times. For instance, many people assume he uses drugs because he has long hair. One example is when I was told that I shouldnt dateRead MoreIllness Narrative Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesin class is an experience that I do not think I could ever forget. Listening to people share their raw emotions and stories of struggle and illness was eye opening, My own illness narrative could be described as a quest narrative and more specifically an automythology. This is because as I stated in my presentation, I became a better person, adopted skills that helped me deal with my father’s illness, understood what it is like to have someone close to you change due to a disease. The illness narrativeRead MoreThe Problem Of Drinking And Driving1608 Words   |  7 Pages(ages 16-20) are 17 times more likely to die in a crash when they have a bloo d alcohol concentration of .08% than when they have not been drinking (â€Å"Teen Drinking and Driving†). Adults and teenagers think it okay to still drink and drive, because people believe they are less drunk than they actually are (â€Å"ReachOut.com†). If someone is drinking and they end up getting drunk, in their head, they believe they can do more than what they actually can do. They feel confident they can drive extra carefullyRead MoreBurning Up by Caroline B. Cooney Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesarson walks by smoking, and seeing the open cans of paint and turpentine, throws a match into the church. Setting it into blazes. The whole group, including, Macey, Austin, Venita, Lindsay, Grace, Chamique, and Davonn. They end up getting stuck because of a fire exit being blocked from the outside, because a few weeks before a 4 year old was stabbed by an intruder who got in this way. Macey’s hair caught fire while she was running out. Austin, put it out in time to save her face from burning with hisRead MoreEthical: Research and Manufacturing Company1065 Words   |  5 Pagessurvey? I do not think it is ethical for a manufacturing company to invent a fictitious research company. I think 3 things that are not good can come from it. The first thing is the manufacturing company might not have the expertise in surveys. Second is there a point to the survey or to test loyalties. Third is the amount of distrust that comes from creating a fictitious company. If distributors ever learn about this then there can be major problems with trust and relationships. When thinking about

Research and Communication Valid Ways of Representing Data

Question: Discuss about the Research and Communicationfor Valid Ways of Representing Data. Answer: Introduction The method used in the question is not only appropriate. The data collected can be represented by the use of central tendency and the distribution tables and illustrations (Palinkas, Horwitz, Green, Wisdom, Duan, Hoagwood, 2015). The application of central tendency involves calculating the mean, mode, and the median. Upon analyzing the available data mean is the most suitable to represent this data. The right approach will be summing up all the measurements and diving it by the number of measurements. That is (10 + 50 + 51 + 128 + 80)/5 = 63.8. Alternatively, considering the number of weights used in the study arriving at the summary score using mode can also be appropriate. Again, this data can be illustrated using pie charts, bar, and line graphs, and scatter diagrams (Slutsky, 2014). Similarly, the researcher may use a liker scale to represent data. It is simple to use, time saving and multi-dimensional (answers the question giving five to seven options). However, they focus on two response sides like agree or disagree. They as well fail to measure respondents attitudes. The respondent is restricted on the given choices. This means that the researcher will use the summary score to represent the data. For this question, a bar and line graphs, histogram, frequency table and a pie chart would apply. Types of Quantitative Data Color The respondents will give their responses stating whether the color is yellow, black, red, green and blue. The suitable method for color is the nominal way. Just as the name suggests, respondents give the names of the variables. They could be names of persons, animals or colors. The researcher will then tally which color has a higher frequency. Course Grades They show a certain order of performance in a particular course. Ordinal scales are used to show the most significant variables all the way to the least important (Cliff, 2014). Utilizing that rule, course grades can be classified by the use of the ordinal method. Where, C may be considered as excellent, D for good and perhaps P for poor. Overall Course Score Milfont, Fischer, (2015) narrates that ratio scales give ultimate order for surveys. If a student scores thirty percent that would be a ratio but in a percentage form. It can be concluded that course scores which are in most cases in whole numbers can be presented by the use of ratios. The scores are expressed in to percentages or to the total number of marks allocated for the task. Kelvin Thermometers The Kelvin thermometer is a device used to measure temperature by use of degree Celsius labeled on intervals of 10 degrees (Weng, Luiten, 2015). Therefore, the best method to apply when collecting data from the instrument is by the use of intervals. For example, the data obtained could be between thirty to forty degrees. Study of Lecture Attendance Dependent and Independent Variables This paper holds that the number of students is the dependent variable while the time allocated for the lectures is an independent variable. Fixed variables do not change and include number of days, time in hours and also ages (Creswell, 2013). The dependent variables are influenced by the fixed ones. For this case, students wont attend the 8:30 lectures fully due to the times allocated. However, the will all attend the afternoon ones due to favorable time allocated to the classes. Confounding Variables These are variables which do not affect either the dependent or the independent variables. Their occurrence has no impact on the other variables. In our case, the lecturers attendance is one of them. Whether the lecturer comes or fails to come, most students will still miss the morning and evening classes. Once they know there wont be a class, they wont come. Secondly is the area of residence of the students. Those living far may always fail to attend the morning and leave early, therefore, missing the evening classes. That interferes with the validity of the results. Type of Quantitative Study The type used is the descriptive non-experimental. The methods state the researcher cannot alter or manipulate the variables, he or she has to interact and observe the variables. Therefore, the hypothesis arrived at the end of the study is based on the observations made from the variables by the researcher. Research Design The design is good for testing hypothesis. That is a proposal, a theorem or a proposal about an explanation but it is yet to be justified. At the end, the researcher concludes whether it is alternative or null. The alternative analysis entails what the researcher hopes to prove it is true. On the other hand, null hypothesis specifies that there are no observable effects in the experiment. Researchers attempt to seek evidence against the established hypothesis test. This study is non-experimental showing that the researcher has no control over the variable. Therefore, the hypothesis generated at the end will be based on the researchers observation but not the statistical data. References Cliff, N. (2014). Ordinal methods for behavioral data analysis. Psychology Press, 12-17 Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods Approaches. Sage publications. Pp. 4-12 Milfont, T. L., Fischer, R. (2015). Testing measurement invariance across groups:Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of psychological research,3(1), 111-130. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method Implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. Slutsky, D. J. (2014). The Effective Use of Graphs. Journal of wrist surgery, 3(02), 067-068. Weng, W., Luiten, A. N. (2015). Ultra-sensitive thermometer based on a compact opticalResonator. Temperature, 2(1), 36-37.

The Complexity of Marjane Satrapis Persepolis Essay Example For Students

The Complexity of Marjane Satrapis Persepolis Essay If a person were to hastily flip through the pages of Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis, using only eyes to judge, the book could easily be put off as just another piece of literary fluff. Their inner literary critic might utter a perplexed gasp and their mind might reel with the wonder at how they happened upon something that was surely intended for the children’s comic book section. With any further examination of the book’s literary content and the power of its simplified artwork, however, such an easy to assume accusation shows through as fatally incorrect. Persepolis is the memoir of a young woman growing up in the decimating national conflicts of 1970s Iran depicted alongside an unexpectedly, simplified artwork style. At first it may appear that this is done only for the sake of unique marketability or because it is merely Satrapi’s natural drawing style. We will write a custom essay on The Complexity of Marjane Satrapis Persepolis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A deeper examination, however, will reveal that â€Å"†¦a form of amplification through simplification† (McCloud, 30) is achieved and visual support is given to the text in a manner that realistic or more â€Å"serious† art could not accomplish. Though simplified in its artistic approach, Persepolis is anything but simplified in content. When a writer chooses to include illustrations in a piece of literature, the first task is to decide the level of abstraction/ realism the art will present. In Persepolis’ case, a simplified art style works best, as it amplifies only the primary features of the text, unlike realism which would be far more focused on social details. Given the book’s heavy subject matter (of both a war beyond massive devastation and the metamorphosis of a girl caught in its trauma), Persepolis has a great deal of information to cover in t. . captivating and personally significant aspects of her experience. Through generality and a lack of explicit realism, Satrapi invigorates the book’s deeper messages in a manner that extends beyond the written word and into conceptual imagery. â€Å"By de-emphasizing the appearance of the physical world†¦the cartoon places itself in the world of concepts† (McCloud 41), concepts that convey the subjective, but still far too true life of Marjane Satrapi. This simplified and symbolic universe is not Iran or Austria or France; it is Marjane’s Persepolis. Works Cited McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: HyperCollins Publishers, 1993. Print Strapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of Childhood. Paris, France: L’Association, 2003. Print. Strapi, Marjane. Persepolis 2: The Story of Return. Paris, France: L’Association, 2004.Print

Early Mesoamerican and South-West Cultures

Early Mesoamerican and South-West Cultures Free Online Research Papers The people of the Americas all had unique characteristics because of their environment. There were the Mayas, the Incas, the Aztecs, and the Anasazi. The Maya were a tribe far to the East of Mexico. They had a polytheistic religion which had the same characteristics of gods that the nearby cultures had. There was a supreme god, Itzama, and the rest of gods were ranked in importance. Most gods had human characteristics and needed human sacrifices to propitiate them. It is said that rivalry among the Mayan city-states often involved bloody fights. Painting show a society bent on war and using captives as sacrifices. At the top of the society was a ruler and around the ruler were a class of aristocrats whose wealth was determined by ownership of land. Eventually many aristocrats became priests and the rest turned into a middle class. The rest of the population were farmers. Their ruler was of great importance and was able to construct a palace using 30,000 people. The Aztecs lived in the valley of Mexico. They too had a polytheistic religion. Some of their gods were nature deities and other were patron deities. They had a supreme god, but he wasn’t as important compared to others. They also needed human sacrifice. The Aztecs had a monarch that had religious and secular powers. Around was the royal family who elects the next monarch. To advise him into doing the right thing were a small group of lords headed by a prime minister who was at the top of the government and a bureaucracy. Their power was limited past the capital. All that was left were tax collectors who got tribute from the people. The government’s succession was hereditary. The noble families were either in the bureaucracy, in the military, or became a priest. The rest of the population was indentured workers, slaves, and commoners. The Inkas were a tribe in South America. They had three main gods, the sun, the moon, and the day-star. It was serviced by women who were virgins. They were never allowed to speak to men and known for their beauty. Some of these chosen also worked in the palace as concubines. They also loved war. They had a 200,000 soldier army, the largest and best armed in the region. They moved rapidly using a highway system and carried their supplies on llamas. The Inks were a monarchy too. They had provinces with 10,000 residents ruled by a governor related to the ruler. The capital was divided into four quarters and social status was rigidly defined. It was built on forced labor. The rural population were farmers. The Anasazi was a tribe in southwestern Colorado. Community religious functions in these two big circular chambers called kivas were celebrated often. It was a very agricultural community. Most of the society and political structure was equal. The exception was a leader of their community inside the pueblo and other priests. They had several thousand residents. There was internecine warfare and a bitter rivalry with the south. This may have led them relocating. There is also a theory of them relocating because of cannibalism which probably has to do with their religion. They mostly were farmers and had many irrigation canals. Even though there is not that much of the Anasazi to compare, there is a lot of differences as you go South into the Americas. There was the Anasazi who was a desert and united culture and then there was the Inkas with the monarchy. America is truly a North-South, environmentally and community wise, land. Research Papers on Early Mesoamerican and South-West CulturesCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

The World Though the Prism of Ideas Impressionism as It Is

The World Though the Prism of Ideas Impressionism as It Is One of the world’s most mysterious and at the same time elegant branch of arts, impressionism, is both a riddle and an answer to it. Suggesting people to take a closer look into their own minds, impressionism offered that the spectator could incorporate his vision of the world together with that one of the author.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Though the Prism of Ideas: Impressionism as It Is specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite its seeming simplicity and inspiring shapes, impressionism conveys the most complicated ideas and bases on philosophical and cultural foundation that has a history of its own. Discovering the ideas underlying the impressionists’ paintings, on can open the whole wide world in front of his/her eyes. Speaking of the techniques that the artists used in creating their impressionism masterpieces, one must note that the style which impressionists used ensued from the pe culiar vision of the world which impressionism presupposed. Oriented exclusively on the ideas and perceptions of the artists, this style of painting could not be considered as a separate trend in visual arts – this is rather a string of ideas embodied in paintings. Depicted on the paper, the world picture of impressionists turned into the door to the other world – the world where the reality mixed with the surreal to create one of the most incredible cocktails. As van Gunsteren explained, We may, first of all, certainly discount the more loose or merely lyrical usage in which impressionism means anything ‘fanciful’, ‘disorderly’ or ‘illogical’. Having done so, however, it is possible to penetrate to a fairly solid core of the new ideas and methods, which gave the group cohesion even without the formalized rules of a ‘school’ of French painters. (29) Thus, it is obvious that there is more to impressionism that merely d istorting the usual forms and shapes, turning them into a chaotic something. With the powerful idea in the background, an impressionism painting obtains the meaning of its own. With help of the impressionism vision, one can see the reverse side of the world, the subconscious and the sub-real. Getting into the depth of people’s minds, these images depict ideas, not objects, which is why this style differs from what the mankind is used to so much. It is quite peculiar that impressionists were a kind of rebels in the sphere of art, breaking all possible laws of painting to create the ones of their own. According to Salvi, â€Å"The Impressionists broke many rues of academic painting. One was their insistence on working direct from experience† (16). This was where the idea of the plein-air technique appeared from – trying to find the right environment to create the masterpieces of their own, impressionists tried to break the boundaries of space, which led them to cr eating outdoors.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For them, painting did not mean staying behind closed doors in the cold light of a studio, but taking easel, canvas and paints and working en plein air (outdoors). This gave their canvases a feeling of spontaneity, but also required some new painting techniques. (Salvi 16) Monet offered a perfect example of what the plein-air method of painting is. With his masterpiece called The Japanese Bridge, the author managed to represent not only the new idea of art, but also the new means to create it with. Painted with the plein-air technique, this was the essence of impressionism, the very spirit of the new art. Breathing with the fresh ideas, this painting stirred the most unusual thoughts. Intriguing and capturing, this was the kind of masterpieces that gripped one and would not let go for another couple of hours. The creation required deep considerations and thorough meditations to understand the ideas underlying it. Monet, Claude. The Japanese Bridge, c. 1919-24. http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4037/4487684298_ae67066942.jpg Another perfect specimen of the new style of painting was the Water-Lily Pond that can be considered the perfect beginning of the impressionists’ triumph. With help of the peculiar open-air technique and the unusual, non-traditional approach to the art, the impressionism embodied in the Water-Lily Pond created quite a stir in the artistic circles. This was a new and original way of expressing the ideas without fearing of being misunderstood – for impressionism could be understood in a million of ways; everything depended on the spectator.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Though the Prism of Ideas: Impressionism as It Is specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Monet, Claude. The Water-Lily Pond, 189 9. http://claude-monet.org/artbase/Monet/1897-1899/w1509/apc.jpg Indeed, the new art helped people to understand art in its new shape. Hiding beyond the disguise of the chaotic and the subconscious, the paintings created by impressionists made people open their eyes and see the reality the way it is. At this point, the definition of impressionism intertwines with the idea of ripping the world of its veil. Lying bare and naked in front of the artist, the world took the most incredible shapes, which were depicted in the numerous impressionism paintings. Shockingly surreal and at the same time grotesquely true, these pieces broke new ground not only in the sphere of arts, but also in people’s lives. Considering the three theories of art which Frank suggests, one can see clearly the way impressionism develop as the time passed by. Starting from what further on was called the theory of representation, the new style developed into the â€Å"pure seeing†, which later on evolv ed into the â€Å"experimental aesthetics† (Frank 2006). Due to the organic and swift way in which the ideas of impressionism evolved, the latter shaped quickly and in rather natural way. Relying on their own vision of the world and their ideas concerning people and nature, artists embodied their impressions into peculiar and intriguing artworks. To understand the train of impressionists’ ideas, one has to consider the paintings by Monet as the founder of the new artistic tendency. For instance, his painting Irises is the very idea of impressionism itself: Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Monet, Claude. Irises. c. 1914-17. google.us/imglanding?q=Irises+c.+1914-17+monetum=1hl=rutbm=ischtbnid=mem7dkb2ZYMA6M:imgrefurl=flickr.com/photos/28433765%2540N07/4472748537/imgurl=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2754/4472748537_c7de218f2f.jpgw=373h=500ei=kQGoTfnOMsmXOqXEsYIJzoom=1iact=hcoei=kQGoTfnOMsmXOqXEsYIJpage=1tbnh=133tbnw=104start=0ndsp=25ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0biw=1280bih=595 To understand the essence of this peculiar vision, one has to consider the expressive theory. Painting their feelings on the canvas, artists could get rid of the haunting ideas for a while. But then the need to tell the world important truths took its toll on the artists again†¦ Trying to regard â€Å"the flux of sensation in its totality†, as Holt brilliantly noted, they created the world of their own, the world that mirrored the reality. In his creation Bathers at La Grenouillà ¨re, the artist also followed the famous representation style, with help of which he created most of his pieces. Lik e the rest of his pictures, this creation also featured the famous plein-air technique and followed the principles of the representation style. However, it must be admitted that this creation of the great artist also incorporated some elements of the traditional vision of the world as well. Monet, Claude. Bathers at La Grenouillà ¨re 1869. oceansbridge.com/paintings/artists/m/claude_monet/big/Bathers_at_La_Grenouillere__1869.jpg Taking a closer look at the picture, one case that the artist deviated from the way in which he began creating the impressionist works. It has gained certain sociological meaning, for it considers the society in general rather that the sufferings of an individual. Thus, there are no doubts that the impressionist ideas were broadening as the experience of the artists grew, and the spectrum of the ideas that could be communicated with help of the paintings grew increasingly huge. This is the right time to start talking about the formal theories of impression ism. It cannot be denied that the pictures that followed Monet’s innovation in the world of art were mainly inspired by the great author of the Water-Lily Pond. However, there are no doubts that the main source of the painter’s inspiration came from their observations of the world, their meditations and their philosophical approach to understand the nature of a human being and the place the latter takes in the great circle of life. However, it would be erroneous to speak of formal theories as of something that fit impressionists’ ideas impeccably once applied. It would be better to suggest that the formal approach was to be tailored to the ideas of impressionism. Since the latter presupposed the denial of any norms at all, the formal approach could not be applied to the paintings strictly. As Lanier noted, Although there are similarities in their [impressionists’] art, these artists had no â€Å"formal theory† and â€Å"abandoned any fixed program .† They diminished the importance of subject matte, denied the importance of genre and subjected everything to the stamp of their own personalities and sensibilities. (79) Morrisot, Berthe. Summer’s Day. c. 1879 allartclassic.com/img/Berthe_Morisot_MOB003.jpg However, it cannot be claimed that the sociocultural element of the impressionists’ paintings appeared only as time passed; one had better say that it became obvious only as certain time passed. Therefore, it can be suggested that the impressionism paintings helped the society get ready for certain changes in the vision of the world and the world philosophy. Since such transition could turn rather painful and ever impossible without any links to the previous experience, impressionism served as a bridge between the old and the new. Considering the paintings from the sociocultural point of view, one has to admit that the authors of the pictures were trying to communicate their opinion concerning the most impo rtant vents in the social life of the then epoch. With help of their attempts, the paintings opened a door to the world where people could face their most secret ideas and feelings and realise that these are integral parts of themselves. Every single picture created in the period when impressionism reigned spoke of the floating world, the time of changes, the instability and the attempts to relate a man to the nature. As Frank himself explains, the expressive theory of impressionism is one of the means to approach the mysterious pictures of impressionists, filled with the meaning that only the authors could see distinctly: â€Å"All art works are made by people. The skill level, persona; intent, mental state, gender, or mindset of the creator must play a role in the creative process† (Frank 96). Glancing at the creations of impressionists, one can understand that the ideas of the world as chaos were only beginning to appear in their creations, whereas most of the pictures con veyed the idea of beauty in the natural and the irrational, the blurred vision of the world. With help of the new artistic tendency, people have managed to experience an escape to an artistic Wonderland, which they must thank impressionists for. Unless Monet, Morisot, Renoir and all the rest had not contributed their viewpoint to the world of art, the latter would have been incomplete. Frank, Patric. Prebles Artforms: An Introduction to the Visual Arts, 8th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. Holt, Ysanne. British Artists and the Modernist Landscape. Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003. Print. Lanier, Doris. Absinthe the Cocaine of the Nineteenth Century: A History of the  Hallucinogenic Drug and Its Effect on Artists and Writers in Europe and the  United States. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004. Print. Salvi, Francesco. The Impressionists. Minneapolis, MN: The Oliver Press, 2008. Print. Van Gunsteren, Julia. Katherine Mansfield and Literary Impressioni sm. Amsterdam: Rodopi1990. Print.

History Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Article Example ich changed milk into cheese, meal into bread, malt into beer, and flesh into bacon.† (Ulrich, p.48) Further, â€Å"preparing the simplest of meals required both judgment and skill...The most basic of housewifes skills was building and regulating fires – a task so fundamental thtat it must have appeared more as habit than craft. Summer and winter, day and night, she kept a few brands smoldering, ready to stir into flame as needed.† (Ulrich, p,47) Simple as these activities might sound, one becomes an expert in them through long and arduous training during their formative years. Often times, women use intuition and common sense to supplement the skills they leart from their mothers and aunts to carry out these complex and challenging household tasks. Given that the colonial society was an agrarian society, the housewifes domain extended â€Å"from the kitchen and its appendages, the cellars, pantries, brewhouses, mikhouses, washhouses, and butteries which appear in various combinations in household inventories, to the exterior of the house, where, even in the city, a melange of animal and vegetable life flourished among the straw, husks, clutter and muck†. (Ulrich, pg. 45) In order to handle all of these places on an everyday basis and single-handedly requires high skilfulness and presence of mind – both qualities women in colonial America possessed in abundance. How did colonial American women participate in economic activities that helped sustain their families, even if they did not have a job outside the home? In other words, what sort of things did they do? The importance and complexity of womens contributions were not acknowledged due to the subordinate status assigned them by society and also due to the fact that their activities were confined within household limits. Whereas men, by virtue of involving themselves in more conspicuous labor activity in the open farms were easily recognized as the breadwinners and providers for their families.

State Sovereignty and Lawful Intervention Essay

State Sovereignty and Lawful Intervention - Essay Example International law emphasizes on the duties and responsibilities of states, in the conduct of their international relations with other states. There is a duty â€Å"to refrain from intervention or the dictatorial interference by a State in the affairs of another State for the purpose of maintaining or altering the actual condition of things† (Coquia and Santiago 115). Intervention is basically illegal under international law as it violates the sovereignty of a state (Coquia and Santiago 459) and affects the independence, the international personality, the territorial supremacy and even the existence of a state (Coquia and Santiago 115). However, there are instances where intervention is lawful based on â€Å"existing legal restrictions upon the independence or territorial or personal supremacy of the State intervened with† (Coquia and Santiago 116). Among the reasons which have been cited for state intervention are the following: intervention as a self-defense, for humanitarian reasons and finally for abatement. Self-Defense A State may intervene for its preservation or self-defense against armed attack provided that there exists an immediate danger of attack. It is important therefore to determine whether there exists an immediate danger of an armed attack or not. Thus the exercise or the use of force in self-defense would be justified under international law provided that the need for such force was â€Å"instant, overwhelming, immediate and that there was no viable alternative action which could be taken†

Three Protagonist Characters Essay Example for Free

Three Protagonist Characters Essay This essay mainly concentrates on differences between teenage boys, problems they deal with and boys’ relationship with adults. Most experts of young adults’ literature agreed upon characteristics that have historically defined the genre that a protagonist is a teenager and events revolve around the protagonist and his struggle to resolve conflict (Pam, p. 49). In short stories discussed the three main characters are teenage boys. They differ from each other in their age, appearance and behaviour. All boys in stories are of different age, Charles is from eight to thirteen years old, Peter age is not directly sad, but he is at age that his father ‘’wants me [he] to learn to drive’’ (Tuohy, p. 124) and finally, the third boy, whom name is not mentioned, is 18 years old: ‘’they had been studying for ‘A’ levels together’’ (‘A’ levels – a British exam taken in particular subject, usually in the final year of school at age of 18) (MacLaverty, p. 110, 121). The narrator tells the story from his childhood flashbacks when he was a very young boy. Age differences show distinct perspective on these boys’ behaviours. The appearance of the boys’ are also described dissimilar. Peter’s look is represented as it is not important, the narrator just comments on his voice: ‘’Peter’s voice thrum like a slack guitar string’’ (Tuohy, p. 124). This simile allows the reader to create a visual portrait of adolescent boy. In Bernard MacLaverty’s short story the boy’s appearance is also not explained. However, Penelope Lively in her story describes Charles appearance in detail: ‘’The child had black hair, slicked down smooth to his head. His ears, too large, jutted out†¦laced with tiny, delicate veins. His clothes had the shine and crease of newness’’ (Lively, p. 102). It is evident that it was taken grate care of his look to show the importance of Charles’s appearance in the story. Moreover, the behaviours of the boys separate them from one another. Charles through the entire story says no word, he blocks with a wall of silence. Only from his facial expressions the author allows the reader to understand the boy: ‘’His face is haggard with anticipation’’ (Lively, p. 105). It shows that Charles is unhappy and miserable. Another character Peter in the story is acts like a typical adolescent boy who is not very friendly with adults: ‘’Please don’t always try to shut me out, Peter’’ (Touhy, p 124). This passage shows that Peter is rude and he disagrees with adults. The third character is a boy in his flashbacks of his childhood, he is interested in everything that it is not familiar with him, he wants to know everything: ‘’What is this? / Who is that in uniform? / Was your friend killed in the war? ’’ (MacLaverty, p. 114). All these questions create the image of the young boy who is nosey and importunate. ‘’Young adult authors and publishers know that adolescents can be impatient‘‘ (Pam, p. 64) for that reason authors have to create different characters and the differences they all have are making their personalities more understandable to young adults‘ literature readers. According to Pam (p. 63) the issues discussed in teenage literature are morality and religion and the modern-day novel, however, can browbeat the reader with a social issue. Teenagers deal with all types of problems in their adolescence period. In these short stories protagonists deal with different problems more frequently related with social issues. For instance, in ‘’Secrets’’ the young boy confront the problem of betrayal and deception, he is the one who is betraying others. Nosey boy reads his aunt’s letters that he is not allowed to: ‘’You are a dirt, and always will be dirt. I shall remember this till the day I die’’ (MacLaverty, p. 119). He offends his aunt by disobeying her will. The boy betrays his aunt and by this action he shows that he is too young to be reliable. In the short story ‘’Next Term, We’LL Mash You’’ Charles faces the problems more related to teenagers, it is bulling. Charles is threatened by boys of new school: ‘’Next term, we’ll mash you, we always mash new boys’’ (Lively, p. 105). This phrase shows that Charles is no exception, he will be bullied like other children and they just warn Charles what he could expect. In the third story ‘’The Licence’’ the main problem Peter deals with is adolescence. It is a difficult period in boy’s life as he is no longer a child and not quite an adult. Peter has a lot to cope with in his life because of the recent death of his mother: ‘’He hid under his handkerchiefs the photograph of his mother, and the letter she had written to him before shie died’’ (Tuohy, p. 127). Peter hides the letter because he does not want everyone to know what pain he is feeling, for teenagers it is common to hide their feelings in order not to get everyone’s attention. To conclude, problems discussed in the texts are often used in young adults’ literature, they are as follows: bulling, betrayal and adolescence. The teenagers’ stages in life when they are feeling the most misunderstood are depicted. Relationship between adults and teenagers are the most difficult because they do not understand each other. In addition, all three boys in the three different stories disagree and misapprehend with grown-ups. Firstly, in the story ‘’Next Term, We’LL Mash You’’ the relationship between Charles and his parents do not exist, his mother is asks him all kinds of questions but never hears the answer. Parents do not care about Charles willing, they decide to send him to school before listening to his opinion, and just after agreement the mother ask politely: ‘’Would you like to go there, Charles? ’’ (Liveli, p. 105) even they have already decided to send him. Treating child as he is not worth an opinion, makes parents heedless and careless. Furthermore, in ‘’The Licence’’ Peter is not understand by adults, his aunt claims that he is ‘’[†¦] just a child’’ (Tuohy, p. 125) although his father is telling him ‘’[†¦] to learn to drive’’ (Tuohy, p. 124). This shows how two adult characters are treating Peter differently and seeing him in different points of view, as a child and a grown up. Finally, in ‘’Secrets’’ the boy is treated by his aunt with care: ‘’She would sit with him on her knee, her arms around him and holding the page flat with her hand’’ (MacLaverty, p. 111), she covers the boy with love and solicitude. The aunt’s behaviour changes after the boy reads her letters without her permission: ‘’Get out, get out of my room’’ (MacLaverty, p. 118). She is mad on the boy because he defy to her. Aunt changes immediately and shouts on the boy, because he is just a young boy not an adult and she does not count him as an equal. To conclude, adults’ relationships with teenagers are complicated, the adults consider teenagers as not equal to them, as they do not understand them and do not stand well with each other. To sum up, young adults’ literature analyse problems that teenagers’ frequently deal with. The authors of three short stories discuss issues of teenager characters and reveal how every protagonist character deal with problems they have to face in their adolescence life.

Essay --

Effects on Politics at home The Vietnam War brought complete turmoil to the American society. It all started when President Harry Truman wanted to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East and Asia by promoting the United States as an anti-communism country and offering help to other countries that were also against communism. President Truman used the word containment to describe this act of stopping communism in his foreign policies. This containment policy transcended to the 1960s, when John F. Kennedy and his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, were presidents. Kennedy won his presidency based largely on the fact that he promised to be more involvement in Vietnam (which was favored largely by the United States population) and the Cold War in general. Kennedy wanted to be more involved in Vietnam, and the Cold War in general, to preserve America’s power. With Kennedy and his team of U.S. Foreign Policy advisors, they believed to preserve America’s power they could help the development of Third World countries—mostly, in turn so they will not become communist countries. One of these countries so happened to be Laos, however, it soon fell to communism and Kennedy had to pull back forces. With the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion and the back down in Laos, Kennedy believed that America could not withstand another failure; another hit that would diminish America’s integrity. This is what led to Kennedy’s involvement in Vietnam—for he could not take another defeat of it. Kennedy offered a huge amount of support for the Ngo Dinh Diem’s Government. However, Kennedy rejected continuous proposals on sending large amounts of American troops into Vietnam in fear of a full out war and a huge rate of deployment. Instead, Kennedy ... ...t about 2 billion dollars a month, leading America to experience deficits and inflation. Because of this de-valued U.S. currency, it lead foreign investors to invest in things more profitable—taking away a lot of America’s revenue. This lead to extremely higher tax rates, which also, threaten Johnson’s reelection. There were protests in the streets, angry civilians, too many soldiers overseas, and chaos among congress, that led to Johnson’s downfall. America was an absolute turmoil, and because Johnson relied too heavily on his advisors—which often had many different opinions—he did not know how to control the chaos. When reelection time came around, Richard M. Nixon won in a landslide with the promise of ending war in Vietnam. By 1969, Nixon had instituted Vietnamization. This policy ended America’s involvement in the war and lead to a more stable America.

Marketing Plan for a Pest Control Company Essay

Executive Summary: One of the major tasks that need to be recognized by a pest control company is to create awareness among the business firms and the residents and to improve on the market offerings and services to deal with the problem of pests. The pests could include the rat control at domestic premises, bird control, household and nuisance pests which include cricket, ants, cockroaches, beetles; animal pests which include mice, snakes, stray dogs and cats; disease vectors like spiders, moths, bees, mosquitoes etc. The company should highlight its profile and indicate its presence and communicate to the target audience that they offer the pest control services at competitive prices than other service providers. Based on the customer satisfaction survey conducted it was clear that the level of satisfaction was lower and the areas which required improvement was in the follow up service, provide more detailed information about the product and allow better and faster response time. Thus the pest control company has to regularly carry out surveys on satisfaction and the needs and wants of the target groups. Environmental Analysis: The marketing plan needs to get insight into the health and environmental safety looking towards appropriate pest identification and its management along with concern towards storage of the pesticide, transportation, its usage and the disposal factor. The pest control company should identify and create awareness of the reduction of pesticide usage and to enhance the protection of the environment with minimum contamination of the environment by being economical which is possible only if the company identifies efficient pest management and control techniques there by complying to the necessary regulations and the laws. SWOT Analysis: The opportunities and threats which the pest control company will face are the probable dimensions and changes that the market will be affected by, the competitive forces and the buying dynamics of the consumers and identification of the target audience are the crucial factors which need to be considered and tapping upon the un-noticed market segment by keeping the eyes open and being focused. The weakness would be in terms of the double-income household sector whose availability and access to is difficult for the companies to approach during their business hours. Another weakness the company faces is on the pricing strategy where in based on the differences in the climate from place to place, the price will be fixed upon. Marketing Objectives: The pest control company’s main objective should be to define their target segment which could be the private house owners, private landlords, and private tenants, local business houses by increasing awareness among them by implementing a strong marketing and communication plan on the measures of pest control service that will help in protecting the goods, property, environment and public health from pests. The firm should also try to enhance upon their professionalism to ensure customer focused service and increase the customer satisfaction levels. Improve value for money and generate higher income for business houses or pest control service providers by not compromising upon the highest quality within the limits of the budget and the financial constraints. Marketing Strategies: In order to hatch upon a good marketing plan the pest control company needs to learn the fine art of selling their services. The firm initially can start with cross marketing which involves educating the present clients or customers about the added offerings so that no extra costs are incurred on marketing and the existing clientele will indeed help in getting most of the business. The firm will focus upon the current marketing channels and adopt a concentrated marketing effort which includes websites,  Ã‚   advertisements, logos on trucks, making a thorough presentation to the target audiences by identifying the right kind of message that needs to be positioned in their minds. Some additional strategies that could be adopted are: Use Traditional methods: Market the add-on services on the yellow pages of the directory, running on newspaper or radio ads or leaflets / flyers or billboards. Network Marketing: This is a strong marketing technique which deals with reaching out to the references provided of other businesses or house owners by either distributing postcards and leaflets and coupons to every customers irrespective of their need so that at least when they spread the word of mouth publicity is guaranteed. Personal Approach to train and demonstrate the masses: Setting up meetings, workshops, presentations, seminars with the prospective clients at various clubs and organizations would depict the authenticity of the marketing approach. Need Identification and Be Focused: The Company should identify on its own if any group of the target market require the pest control mechanism to be implemented which will give a positive impressions to the audiences that they will be provided with proper after sales support. Encouraging to have ones own website development for creating awareness with full of content and information can make the online business advance in its sales margin, provide wider choices to the consumers and deal with those who encountered lots of confusion by projecting strong messages with a catchy brand name and servicing their queries 24/7.

Poetry and Worldly Wealth Essay

Andrew Lang describes the truth about money and what it meant to people in the 1800s and 1900s. He uses repetition to clearly explain his ideas. Lang believes that money could either be good or it could be evil, I guess it all depends in how you use it and appreciate it. The people in this poem are priests, soldiers, captains etc. The main idea is about how some and most people only do things for money. The â€Å"Ballad of Worldly Wealth,† is a depiction of how money can bring pride and corruption into our society. The form of this poem is a ballad. A ballad’s contents include 3 stanzas, at least 8 lines in each stanza, and a refrain (a repeated phrase at the end point of a poem) a refrain in example of the Ballad of Worldly Wealth is â€Å"Youth, and health, and Paradise† The author used artificial imagery to characterize money as both a staple in society, and as the icon of the world’s power and corruption. There is several rhetoric patterns found in the poem. The rhyme pattern is an End rhyme. Poems with end rhyme are those whose last word of every line ends with a word that rhymes, for example: â€Å"While the tides shall ebb and (flow); Money maketh Evil (show)† Flow and show are two separate words, however both have rhyming sounds. Also displayed is parallel construction, a sentence, idea or clause that is presented with an opposing idea. In this statement, â€Å"Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow; Money maketh Evil show, Like the Good, and Truth like lies† it can be seen that the opposition is of that money is what makes the world go round. However money also creates greed, and makes the people see the money as a good thing, when really it’s all a lie.

The Scientific Possibilities of Time Travel

The Scientific Possibilities of Time Travel Stories regarding travel into the past and the future have long captured our imagination, but the question of whether time travel is possible is a thorny one that gets right to the heart of understanding what physicists mean when they use the word time.   Modern physics teaches us that time is one of the most mysterious aspects of our universe, though it may at first seem straightforward. Einstein revolutionized our understanding of the concept, but even with this revised understanding, some scientists still ponder the question of whether or not ​time actually exists or whether it is a mere stubbornly persistent illusion (as Einstein once called it). Whatever time is, though, physicists (and fiction writers) have found some interesting ways to manipulate it to consider traversing it in unorthodox ways. Time and Relativity Though referenced in H.G. Wells The Time Machine (1895), the actual science of time travel didnt come into being until well into the twentieth century, as a side-effect of Albert Einsteins theory of general relativity (developed in 1915). Relativity describes the physical fabric of the universe in terms of a 4-dimensional spacetime, which includes three spatial dimensions (up/down, left/right, and front/back) along with one time dimension. Under this theory, which has been proven by numerous experiments over the last century, gravity is a result of the bending of this spacetime in response to the presence of matter. In other words, given a certain configuration of matter, the actual spacetime fabric of the universe can be altered in significant ways. One of the amazing consequences of relativity is that movement can result in a difference in the way time passes, a process known as time dilation. This is most dramatically manifested in the classic Twin Paradox. In this method of time travel, you can move into the future faster than normal, but theres not really any way back. (Theres a slight exception, but more on that later in the article.) Early Time Travel In 1937, Scottish physicist W. J. van Stockum first applied general relativity in a way that opened the door for time travel. By applying the equation of general relativity to a situation with an infinitely long, extremely dense rotating cylinder (kind of like an endless barbershop pole). The rotation of such a massive object actually creates a phenomenon known as frame dragging, which is that it actually drags spacetime along with it. Van Stockum found that in this situation, you could create a path in 4-dimensional spacetime which began and ended at the same point - something called a closed timelike curve - which is the physical result that allows time travel. You can set off in a space ship and travel a path which brings you back to the exact same moment you started out at. Though an intriguing result, this was a fairly contrived situation, so there wasnt really much concern about it taking place. A new interpretation was about to come along, however, which was much more controversial. In 1949, the mathematician Kurt Godel - a friend of Einsteins and a colleague at Princeton Universitys Institute for Advanced Study - decided to tackle a situation where the whole universe is rotating. In Godels solutions, time travel was actually allowed by the equations if the universe were rotating. A rotating universe could itself function as a time machine. Now, if the universe were rotating, there would be ways to detect it (light beams would bend, for example, if the whole universe were rotating), and so far the evidence is overwhelmingly strong that there is no sort of universal rotation. So again, time travel is ruled out by this particular set of results. But the fact is that things in the universe do rotate, and that again opens up the possibility. Time Travel and Black Holes In 1963, New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr used the field equations to analyze a rotating black hole, called a Kerr black hole, and found that the results allowed a path through a wormhole in the black hole, missing the singularity at the center, and make it out the other end. This scenario also allows for closed timelike curves, as theoretical physicist Kip Thorne realized years later. In the early 1980s, while Carl Sagan worked on his 1985 novel Contact, he approached Kip Thorne with a question about the physics of time travel, which inspired Thorne to examine the concept of using a black hole as a means of time travel. Together with the physicist Sung-Won Kim, Thorne realized that you could (in theory) have a black hole with a wormhole connecting it to another point in space held open by some form of negative energy. But just because you have a wormhole doesnt mean that you have a time machine. Now, lets assume that you could move one end of the wormhole (the movable end). You place the movable end on a spaceship, shooting it off into space at nearly the speed of light. Time dilation kicks in, and the time experienced by the movable end is much less than the time experienced by the fixed end. Lets assume that you move the movable end 5,000 years into the future of the Earth, but the movable end only ages 5 years. So you leave in 2010 AD, say, and arrive in 7010 AD. However, if you travel through the movable end, you will actually pop out of the fixed end in 2015 AD (since 5 years have passed back on Earth). What? How does this work? Well, the fact is that the two ends of the wormhole are connected. No matter how far apart they are, in spacetime, theyre still basically near each other. Since the movable end is only five years older than when it left, going through it will send you back to the related point on the fixed wormhole. And if someone from 2015 AD Earth steps through the fixed wormhole, theyd come out in 7010 AD from the movable wormhole. (If someone stepped through the wormhole in 2012 AD, theyd end up on the spaceship somewhere in the middle of the trip and so on.) Though this is the most physically reasonable description of a time machine, there are still problems. No one knows if wormholes or negative energy exist, nor how to put them together in this way if they do exist. But it is (in theory) possible.

How to Pay for College Complete Guide

How to Pay for College Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You did all the work of getting into your dream schools - researching the colleges, visiting campuses, getting great test scores, putting together a polished application - and still have to deal with one major obstacle: paying for college. Few students canpay for a full year at college without some assistance, but almost 2 million students graduate with a bachelor’s degree each year in the US - they must be paying for school somehow, right? Whether you’re a high school student or a current undergraduate, it’s never too early (or too late) to think about minimizing your college costs to make school more affordable. In this post, I’ll go through everything you need to know about how to pay for college. I’ll start off by talking about what college actually costs before moving into application strategies, figuring out how much money you need, how much aid you can get, and how much you should actually be paying. We'll cover all the major ways to pay for college that families usually use. At the end, I’ll offer some more creative options for closing the gap between your financial need and your actual cost. First, How Much Does College Cost? The first step in understanding how to pay for collegeis having a good understanding of what your expenses will be. For the 2014-2015 academic year, the average cost of tuition and fees for one year was: $31,231 at private colleges $9,139 for state residents at public colleges $22,958 for out-of-state residents at public colleges This is the cost that people typically consider when they think of college expenses. Unfortunately, there’s a lot more to the picture than just tuition costs - there are also hidden or implicit expenses associated with spending a year at college. These other annual expenses include: Room and board - averages $,188 at private colleges, $8,804 at public colleges College textbooks - average cost is about $1,200 Travel costs - these will vary widely based on the student Lab fees and supplies - these will come to about $50 per class if they're not already rolled into fees Personal expenses - most students budget about $2,000/year to cover personal costs like toiletries and entertainment Lumping together all of these expenses (if you can estimate travel and personal expenses) will give you a school’s real sticker price - the Cost of Attendance. It’s pretty easy to get an estimate of a school’s CoA- just google â€Å"[school name] cost of attendance.† While it's important to know a school's CoA, perhaps a more important figure to know is your "net price" -it’s what you pay after all financial aid is taken into account. This is what you actually owe, out of pocket, for a year at school. Want to estimate your net price at a particular school? Just google â€Å"[school name] net price calculator† - many schools have tools that will give you an estimate of how much you’ll pay out of pocket. These calculators take financial need and sometimes merit-based factors into account. Minimizing Costs With Your College Applications Cutting costs can be as simple as applying to the right schools - make paying for college easier from the beginning. If you’re applying to collegeswith price in mind, your strategy should focus on lowest net price, not necessarily lowest sticker price. Apply broadly so that you can consider as many options as possible. You have nothing to lose by applying to a wide range of schools, aside from application fees. If these fees are an issue, ask your guidance counselor about fee waivers. Once you've been accepted to schools,you’ll receive official financial aid packages. You can then determine which packages you’re most comfortable with (I'll go through some example financial aid packages at the end of the post). Once you start looking over different financial aid offers, you might notice that not all types of aid are created equal. Just because a financial aid package will cover all your â€Å"unmet need† doesn’t mean that it will do so in a way that you’ll find helpful (for example, an aid offer might offer large high-interest loans). Look over each package carefully to determine how much money you’ll actually pay, both now and in the future. Example: Aschool that offers you 5k in grants and 40k in high-interest loans (45k total) will have you paying much more in the long run than a school that offers you 25k in grants, 10k in low-interest loans, and 5k in high-interest loans (40k total). In general,grants and scholarships tend to be better aid options than low-interest loans or federal work-study. High-interest loans are the least desirable forms of aid. You don't have to pay back grant or scholarship money, but you do have to pay back your school loans (and high-interest loans cost you more in the long run than low-interest ones). How Do You Figure Out How Much You Need to Pay for College? Now may be a good time to whip out your trusty TI-84. There are a few different steps to figuring out how much aid you’ll need in order to afford college: 1. How Much Will School Cost? Your total expenses will depend on where you decide to go to school, whether you're living in a dorm, and what sort of travel and personal expenses you'll need to account for. Use the info aboveand this guide to get a good estimate of what your sticker price will be. 2. What Can You Afford? Your family’s idea of what you can afford may differ from what schools and the Department of Education think you can afford. To address this discrepancy, I have two strategies to figuring out what your family can contribute to college costs: an "unofficial" (perhaps more realistic) one, and an official one. Theunofficialstrategy will tell you what your family can reasonably contribute, whereas the official strategy tells you what you may beexpected to contribute. The "Unofficial" Strategy Sit down with your parents/guardians and crunch some numbers. Schools often expect families to contribute at least 10% of annual income to college costs, even if schools themselves can’t offer enough aid to cover the difference. What would it mean for your family if they had to contribute 10% to your college expenses for four years? What if they were asked to contribute more than 10%? The "Official" Strategy Use the FAFSA4caster to estimate your federal aid eligibility. The tool will spit out a number called an EFC, or Expected Family Contribution - this is the figure that the FAFSA4caster has determined your family can afford to pay. The more accurate the info you enter into the FAFSA4caster, the more accurate your EFC will be. When you submit the real FAFSA, the federal government will use the application to determine aid eligibility. Many schools also use the FAFSA to award their own need-based aid. 3. What's the Difference Between What You Can Afford and What You Owe? The final step in determining how much aid you need is figuring out the difference between your CoA (cost of attendance) and the amount you can comfortably afford. The difference will be the amount that (ideally) you can get covered with financial aid, including grants, loans, and scholarships. Anything that remains â€Å"uncovered† is your responsibility to pay. For example, if a school’s CoA is 50k and you get 20k in grants and 20k in federal subsidized loans, 10k will be your responsibility. You can pay the amount that year, take out private loans or PLuS loans, or a combination thereof. How Much Financial Aid Can You Get? Let's figure out how much money you can get your hands on. Unfortunately, just because you have demonstrated financial need doesn’t mean you can get that need covered at any school you wish to go to. Most college students in the US get some help paying for college, but the amount of money you can get will depend on quite a few different factors. In this section, I'll talk about the main variables that affect how much aid you can get and the different ways to pay for college. Financial Need The greater your demonstrated financial need, the more aid you're likely to get. Students with exceptional financial need may beeligiblefor federal programs like the Pell Grant or Perkins loan. Need-based scholarships, like the Gates Millennium Scholarship program, are also viable funding options. Finally, schools that offer need-based aid will award more funds to students with greater need. Your Choice of School Put simply; top-rated schools tend to have more money, which means they can offer more generous financial aid packages. Some schools even claim to cover all unmet financial need. Whether you attend a public or private college will also affect your net costs. Private schools tend to cost more than public in terms of sticker price, but they tend to have better financial aid programs. Public schools are relatively inexpensive for state residents, but can be very pricey for out-of-state applicants. Merit The greater your strengths, the more opportunities you'll have for educational funding. Merit-based institutional aid is often offered in the form of sports scholarships or academic scholarships (for students with high grades or SAT/ACT scores). Not all schools offer merit-based aid, but some do in order to attract high-caliber applicants. Merit-based scholarships are also good funding options for ambitious students. Many private scholarships give out awards based on GPA, test scores, community service, and leadership experience. Being a high performer in any of these areas will help your college applications, but they’ll also help your scholarship applications. Initiative Ultimately, access to many of these financial opportunities comes down to initiative and personal organization. One of the most important ways initiative comes into play is when it comes to keeping track of (and meeting) deadlines - you won't be able to get any forms of financial aid if you don't have an organized timeline. To give you a bit of a head start, I've compiled important deadlines so that you can maximize your aid opportunities: Federal FAFSA deadline -For the 2015-2016 academic year, the federal FAFSA deadline is June 30, 2016. The earlier you apply, the better - you don't want funds for certain programs to run out. For the 2016-2017 academic year, the FAFSA will open January 1, 2016. State FAFSA deadline - These deadlines vary be state. If you're interested in qualifying for state funding (you should be interested), check the FAFSA deadline for your state. CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE deadline - The PROFILE is an aid applications that some schools use in lieu of (or in addition to) the FAFSA. Deadlines vary by school, so check with the colleges you're applying to if you know you'll have to submit a PROFILE. Check this list of participating schools and programs for more info. Scholarship deadlines -Deadlines for different scholarship programs vary widely. If you do plan on applying for scholarships, you may as well go all out and apply to as many as possible. Many scholarships ask for similar things from applicants: a personal statement, transcripts, ACT/SAT scores, letters of rec., etc. Check out our list of top scholarships to get an idea of typical scholarship deadlines. For more information on applying for financial aid, check out our step-by-step guide. How Much Should You Pay for College Out-of-Pocket? How much is too much to pay in cash and loans? So we've gone through strategies for minimizing costs, determining need, and calculating likely aid. What we haven't covered yet is perhaps the most important question you should ask yourself before committing to a particular school: how much should you pay, both in cash up front and in loans after graduation, for your education?If you have the opportunity to attend one of your target schools or even reach schools, but the financial aid package isn’t as great as you expected, what do you do? Is it worth it to pay more than you can afford to attend that college? I can't give you a clear answer to these questions,but I can give you some information that will help you figure them out for yourself: 1. Attending a Better School Leads to Better Networking and Career Opportunities More prestigious or better-ranked schools often have stronger alumni networks andrecruitingevents. A diploma from a better school is also a better "signal" to future employers or graduate schools. Ultimately, you may earnmore money in the long run if you attend a high-ranking college. There are a few caveats to keep in mind, however. First, you may not equate a higher salary with success, especially if you don't plan on pursuing a high-earning career. Second, a college degree on its own (regardless of where you go to school) is correlated with higher earnings. Finally, income is probably more strongly associated with your choice of career than it is with your choice of college. For example, students who graduate in math/science fields tend to earn more than other students. 2. Student Loan Debt Can Limit Your Future Choices Loans often have a grace period (a period of time after graduation where you don’t yet have to make payments), but after this grace period, looming student debt can limit your career options. Things like travel, unpaid internships, or volunteer work may be out of the question if you have to make hefty monthly loan payments. If you have severe financial problems later in life and declare bankruptcy (where all your debts are forgiven - you start with a clean slate, but your credit is destroyed), student loans are essentiallynon-dischargeable. Even if you face extreme financial hardships through no fault of your own, student debt is notoriously sticky, and usually, won’t be canceled by bankruptcy. In sum, student debt is a commitment. The more loans you take out, the more your debt will affect the rest of your life choices. 3. Student Loan Debt Can Be Flexible, and Even Forgivable There are different repayment plan options for recent grads who aren’t making much money, including income-based and graduated repayment plans. You pay more in the long run, but monthly payments are smaller when you’re younger and aren’t making as much money. This affords you a degree of flexibility. Additionally,you usually don’t have to make payments on your loans if you are in graduate school. Finally,some student loans can be forgiven or canceled if you work in certain public service careers. This means you can pursue a (relatively) low-paying career option without worrying about paying back student debt. How Do You Determine Your Willingness to Pay? The right amount to pay out-of-pocket for college will depend on what you’re ultimately comfortable with. Some questions to consider before deciding what you’re okay paying for school, both now (in cash) and in the future (with student loan payments) include: Will this school offer you unparalleled networking/professional opportunities, or can you get similar opportunities somewhere less expensive? Does this school offer an especially strong program in a field I want to pursue? How much do you (realistically) anticipate earning in the 5-10 years after you graduate? Based on your career path, what will you be able to afford in terms of monthly student loan payments? Are there ways to cut down personal costs/expenses to lower your cost of attendance? What sacrifices are you willing to make, and what sacrifices are out of the question? Can you get a student job to mitigate some of your costs? Would getting a student job negatively impact your studies? Last, but not least: how does this amount of debt or expense make you feel? If you anticipate burdened or overwhelmed to the extent that your quality of life is negatively affected, is the expense worth it? Only you know the answers to these questions. I encourage you to be thoughtful and honest with yourself - the costs and benefits of attending a particular school are long-lasting and far-reaching. Paying for college is an investment in yourself and in your future, but you want the investment to be premeditated and purposeful. If you’re dead-set on attending a particular school that’s a little pricier than you’d like, read on for tips on making college a bit more affordable. Creative Ways to Pay for School Let's get the creative juices flowing. There are other ways to get money for college besides federal and institutional financial aid. If you have a bit of time on your hands, these next options could help you make college more affordable. Scholarships You can start applying for scholarships any time - you don’t even have to be in high school! Many of the bigger scholarships, though, are targeted towards graduating high school seniors. Before you even apply to colleges, start checking out scholarship options, ideally sometime during your junior year. There are so many scholarship options out there - big and small - that could make a world of a difference. To start your scholarship search, check out our guides to the top awards for high school juniors and high school seniors. Student Jobs This won’t be right for everyone, but a student job can be a practical (and sometimes even fun) way to cover some of your expenses. Students with federal work study awards, in particular, will have plenty of on-campus job options. Ideally, you can get both professional career experience AND some extra cash. Paying for College: Reals Now that we've gone through everything you need to know about paying for college, from cost-minimization strategies to creative cost solutions, we can put everything together to see examples in action. I'll present two different examples to reflect two different, but realistic, situations. For each example, I'll walk through different payment options for each (hypothetical) student. Example 1 In this example, a high-achieving Arizona student from a relatively wealthy family has received a financial aid offer from Arizona State University. Remember when we went over factors that affect aid? We know that she's applied to an in-state public school, she's high-merit, and she has relatively low financial need. The first two factors will positively affect the amount of aid she receives, whereas the last factor will negatively impact her aid. Here's an idea of what her aid offer would look like: Her net price - what her family would have to pay out-of-pocket for all expenses - comes to $14,260 for the year. She's responsible for paying this entire amount if she wants to register for classes at ASU. She has a few options when it comes to tackling this expense: If her family can afford to do so, they could pay the entire $14,260 for the year. This would be less expensive than taking out loans in the long run because the student wouldn't be responsible for accruing interest charges. The student could take out the entire amount in loans. If she did this for all 4 years of college, her debt would come to about $60,000 - more than twice the average amount of US student debt. She may be able to take out some low-interest federal loans to mitigate these costs. The student's family could pay some amount in cash, and the student could take out the remaining balance in loans. The student could apply for merit-based scholarships, and get part or all of her net price covered. If a balance remains after winning scholarships, the student could pay with cash; she could take out loans, or she could cover the balance with some combination of cash and loans. The student could get a student job and pay down some of her net balance while she's in school. It would be very difficult, however, to earn almost 15k/year while shes's also a full-time student - 2-3k would be a reasonable goal. Keep in mind that if this student were not high-achieving, she likely wouldn't have earned the ASU scholarship. Her net price would have been $27,260 instead of $14,260 - her good grades and ACT/SAT scores saved her $13,000 in her first year of college. Example 2 In this example, a high-achieving California student from a relatively low-income family has received a financial aid offer from Stanford University. We know that he's applied to a top private school with a high sticker price but a generous financial aid program, he's high-merit, and he has high financial need. All three factors will positively impact the amount of aid he receives. Here's an idea of what his aid offer would look like: His net price comes to $5,000 a year, even though the total cost of attendance is a staggering $64,900. He has a few options when it comes to paying this annual expense: His family may pay part or all of his net cost. Given that he comes from a lower-income family, however, they may not be able to afford this. He could apply for need-based or merit-based scholarships. Even if he got several smaller scholarships, he could cover a significant part (or even all) of this annual cost. He could get a student job to cover these expenses. If he got paid work during the summer and the school year, it wouldn't be unmanageable to pay 5k per year. He could take out student loans to cover part or all of his expenses. Given that his family is low-income, he would likely qualify for low-interest federal loans. Even if he took out 5k loans for 4 years of college, his student debt at graduation would be lower than that of the average US graduate. What's Next? Excited to start budgeting for college? Of course, you're not - it's like the least fun part. Even though it's not exactly thrilling, it doesn't have to be painful. Your first stop should be our clear guide to what college actually costs. Your next stop should be prepping for financial aid applications. Read our guides to applying for financial aid and submitting a FAFSA. Ready for something a little more fun? Check out our guides to the top scholarship programs for high school juniors and seniors. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Affordable care act negatively impacts small businesses' tax Essay

The Affordable care act negatively impacts small businesses' tax liability and their ability to expand and hire new employees - Essay Example The act intends to offer all citizens of America a health insurance policy that can be easily affordable. This is in line with the main goal of achieving better health care in the United States. Employer is required to sign and implement the new act. This is supposed to affect companies with 50 or more staff members. The staffs are supposed to be given the health insurance. Failure to adhere to the new rules will see companies getting stiffer penalties. The act comes as a reprieve to the employees but serious issues still arise on the side of employers (Tammy, 2013). These challenges that have led to the delayed implementation of the act include:- 2. Tax Liability. Employers with the threshold of 50 or more staff are legally required to give health coverage to their staff. Failure to adhere to this they are to pay tax penalty which will increase annually. Estimates indicate that in 2014, the penalty will amount to $47.50 per child and $95 per adult or 1 percent of the household income that is taxable. In 2015, the penalty will be $ 162.50 per child and $ 325 per adult or 2 percent of household income that is taxable. In 2016, the penalty will amount to $347.50 per child and $695per adult or 2.5 percent of household income that is taxable. In each case, whichever option is highest will be considered. After 2016, there will be an increase annually in the penalty centered on the increase in living cost (Tammy, 2013). The penalties impacts negatively on small business that might be forced to go through severe losses and even shutdown. 3. Hiring. Research indicate that there will be a less of approximately two million people employed on full time basis in 2017 as compared to the number working in the nonexistence of the new law. Big and small companies are likely to reduce the rate of hiring, the small companies being the most affected. ACA can hasten the deterioration in employment in small business by reducing both the need of

Summary of Chapter, Pricing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Summary of Chapter, Pricing Strategy - Assignment Example The percentage of profit that company deems fit is added to set the final cost. The cost price strategy becomes viable for product only when defined sale volumes are estimated and met through effective marketing. This is a flawed strategy as it relies on sales volumes and if they are not met, the cost goes up and adversely impacts the performance of the company. It also totally ignores the customers who are increasingly become the major part of business strategy and marketing. Competitor based pricing primarily believes in the price strategy of its main competitor and follows the same regardless of its repercussion on its profitability. This is wrong because each has its own constraints and inputs that need to be considered in the pricing strategy. It becomes fatal when the competitor’s strategy is based on selling the product irrespective of loss. The market-led strategy is best described by setting one’s pricing based on the pricing of its competitors. The pricing is either the same or lowered so that to gain market position. Sometimes, when value addition to the product provides it with unique features, firms can maintain their market position even when the price is raised. This is most prevalent in the contemporary environment of high competition. Glaxo’s Zantac had overtaken SmithKline Beecham’s Tagamet because it had fewer side effects in ulcer treatment. Thus, product pricing also influences customer’s perceived value of the product. Three techniques: tradeoff analysis; experimentation; and economic value to the customer or EVC are used for understanding customers’ perceived value of the products. The tradeoff analysis uses customer’s requirements for a product and adds or removes those properties within the product to make it attractive to the customers. Firms can raise the price despite heavy competition. Experimentation  tests the preferences of customers by placing the same product with varying prices at a different location.  

The effects of physical activity and exercise on primary school Essay

The effects of physical activity and exercise on primary school childrens academic performance - Essay Example Children in primary schools confront health problems and the present concern in the commonness of childhood obesity has turn out to be one of the most pressing concerns in the Western world today, particularly in the United States. The effects of physical activity and physical education as such on the body can stimulate different parts of the brain, have positive effects on academic performance, and direct children towards a lifestyle that it physically fit and healthy. This kind of education in a sense is balanced since all three dimensions, namely, cognitive, emotional and psychomotor are developed, and one dimension does not take primacy over another. In relation to this, there is a twofold objective to this paper. The first objective is to review related literature on the effect of physical activity or physical education in primary schools to children’s academic performance. And second objective is to present strategies and concepts that specialist in physical education can put into practice with classroom teachers to introduce short sessions of physical activity and exercise into the school day to enhance physical education. Even though several classroom teachers believe physical activity and physical education is not that important, dedicated professionals in physical education, in opposite to the myth, can be effective in helping them acknowledge the significant contribution of physical activity and exercise in achieving and maintaining good health and improving academic performance. Studies examining findings from roughly 50,000 students between the 1960s and 2006 have investigated the relationship between physical activity and academic performance. A number of those studies discovered that consistent participation in physical activity is related with enhanced academic performance. Eight health

Responsible Borrowing Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Responsible Borrowing Worksheet Essay Many students borrow federal student loans to pay for college. The goal of this assignment is to help you learn how to borrow responsibly, which may mean that you do not borrow at all or that you borrow only what you truly need. To borrow responsibly, you must understand your options and establish a financial plan for your entire program. With that plan in place, you can then focus on your classes and making connections with instructors and other students. There are two steps listed below for this assignment. Respond to the questions for each step in this worksheet only and submit your completed document to the Assignment Files tab. Step 1 Watch the â€Å"Responsible Borrowing (Financial Aid)† video on the orientation website located here: http://www.phoenix.edu/student-orientation.html. Respond to the following three questions in the spaces provided below: What is financial aid? Financial aid is an invaluable resource that will help a student and their families pay for college expenses. The expenses that may be covered includes college tuition, living expenses, books, laptop, necessary supplies and even transportation costs. Financial aid options available are grants, scholarships, loans and also work study programs. How do grants differ from loans? Grants are money that does not have to be paid back. They are free money for college. Grants are usually based on a student’s financial needs. Loans are  money that is borrowed and must be paid back, usually with interest costs. The major grants available for students are federal Pell Grants and Cal Grants. There are smaller federal grants that are also available. What effect does class attendance have on funding availability? The effects that class attendance has on a student’s funding availability are a student will lose their government student aid funding if the minimum attendance requirements are not met. If a student withdraws or quits or has been withdrawn or failed because of class attendance the student is required to repay any of the federal aid that was used during their time of enrollment for the course(s). Step 2 Access the Financial Plan at www.phoenix.edu/financialplan. Enter your program and respond to the questions. Explore the information about options for payment, reducing cost, and military students (if applicable). If you have already completed the plan as part of the enrollment process, you can use those results for this step. Respond to the following two questions in the spaces provided below: Based on this plan, what is your estimated monthly payment when you enter repayment? As a result of completing the plan, what changes can you make to reduce the amount you may borrow? Why?