The Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy. Answer: Information and Research Methodology Test and Data Selection The basic information that is gathered is achieved from Prowess Database of Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CIME). The chose associations that are taken as test are browsed the gigantic base of BSE 500 Index. The residency of the examination is 7 years and it starts from the year first January 2001 to 31st December 2007. The specialist has just included the associations in the example that has been delivering off profit on a nonstop premise during the examination time frame and has not included the money related associations and the organizations that are claimed by the legislature. It is seen that lone the last profits that are paid in real money by the associations have been thought about as all in all, it is seen that the Indian associations deliver just a single profit every year (Krishnan, Kozhikode 2015). The exploration has even neglected the stock repurchases and the stock profits by the chose associations and has surveyed just the profits that are paid in real money. T his instrument has had the option to give a last example of 150 associations that have been looked over an aggregate of 16 ventures. Clarification of the Variables During the previous scarcely any long periods of explores, the specialists have consolidated a few money related factors that can have broad degree of effect on the profit strategy (A structure has been given in Annexure 1 of this paper). The factors that have been resolved before, the ebb and flow research paper hopes to choose fifteen factors so as to evaluate their effect on the choices identified with profit (Patel, Rayner 2015). The approval for choosing these factors are clarified as follows. Liquidity is a key component for the choices identified with profit. The profit installment and the liquidity mentality of an association have a relationship that is immediate in nature. On the off chance that an association has adequate incomes, the association would hope to administer the profit got as money so as to fulfill the investors. Moreover, the associations needs to embrace their installment of the profits with the assistance of money and along these lines the association must b e adequately fluid so as to circulate the profits and even to remain dissolvable (Abraham et al., 2015). The money from the tasks and the current proportion are the markers that address the liquidity situation of an association. Along these lines, the money from tasks and the momentum proportion have been picked as the initial two factors for this examination. The other key factor that is resolved is the influence. An organization that has higher influence clarifies that the tremendous fixed installments with the end goal of outer financing is started which, is really a substitute for the installment of the profits (Baker et al., 2017). The degree of high influence prompts an ascent in the expense of exchange and even the danger of an association. Then again, the degree of expanded consistency standard brings down the probability for the outward borrowings and the other way around. Subsequently, the exploration has chosen obligation to-value proportion (DER) and the held profit to v alue proportion (REE) as the replacements for monetary influence that shows an affiliation that is negative in nature in agreement to the profit choice. In this way, held profit to value proportion and obligation to-value proportion have been picked as the third and the fourth factor. Also, the relationship among the profit installment disposition and the model of responsibility for organization is even valued. The administration and the oversight of the organization might be required on the advertisers or the chiefs, the association or the outside based financial specialists. The insiders might want to confine the extra profit installment and then again the institutional proprietors are for the most part are substantially more profit requesting (Arora, Sharma 2016). Along these lines, the shareholding of the advertisers, authoritative shareholding and the outside hierarchical financial specialist shareholding are taken as the fifth, 6th and seventh factors. The degree of benefit has been constantly mulled over as the best component for the dispensing of the profit as the ascent in the degree of benefit demonstrates more measures of profits (Kengatharan, 2018). It is huge to take a gander at the factors with the end goal of long haul and transient benefit of an as sociation. The paper has picked Return on Investment, (ROI) and Net Profit Ratio (NPR) and the benefit proportion before the premium and assessments to their general resources (PTA) as the substitutes and consequently, they are picked as the eighth, ninth and tenth factors. Besides, the open doors for improvement have a fundamental task to carry out in this exploration. The ascent in the operational turn of events and the advancements in the benefits of an association would demonstrate the ascent in the installment of profits by an association. The formative factor is appeared by the yearly deals development (ASG), profit per share (EPS) and profit for the total assets (NONW) (Chaklader, Gulati 2015). The pace of development of the above tended to factors is considered as the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth factors for the examination. Market Capitalization matches with the firm size and consequently is taken as the fourteenth variable. The effect of expense is another key pointer as the tax collection rates affect the craving of profit by the financial specialists. The financial specialists who are paying expanded degree of expense might want to defer picking up the profit and subsequently might want to protect their livelihoods and income with the organization so as to avoid the broad degree of charges and then again, the speculators who are falling inside the lower charge section would hope to have expanded degree of profits (Muttakin, Subramaniam 2015). It is a direct result of this reason, the exploration has taken the corporate proportion to benefit after duty (T) which is another option and is the fifteenth variable. A complete clarification of the considerable number of factors is given in the Annexure 2. Examination Methodology The ebb and flow research paper rethinks a few factors that influence the choices identified with profit of an organization by utilizing the two-advance multivariate component. The examination has even perceived an aggregate of fifteen factors from the part of the writing that is mulled over while building a profit strategy. While undertaking the underlying advance, the paper will start factor examination on the gathered information so as to draw out the key factors out the picked fifteen factors. In the subsequent stage, the examination would embrace different relapse on the elements that have been resolved. Results: Factor Analysis The procedure of factor evaluation clarifies the featured elements that address the relationship between's the factors that have been watched. The examination paper utilizes the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) as the key procedure of extraction factor so as to perceive the particular gatherings of the perceived factors. The broad variables are moreover presented to the equamax symmetrical revolution. The table beneath shows the outcomes accomplished from Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and the Barletts Test (MEHTA, Joshi 2016). The KMO arrangement of examining ability tends to the analyst about whether to limit the factors into the broad components or not. The worth that is lower than 0.50 tends to that factor examination would not build up explicit and legitimate variables and then again, any sort of significant worth that is almost one would explicitly address that this procedure of evaluation would be compelling and strong with the information. The result accomplished in this paper gi ves an estimation of 0.554 and this clarifies the connection pattern between the factors is nearly thick and along these lines Factor Analysis can create valid and explicit broad elements. The Barletts Test of Sphericity looks at so as to see if the real lattice of relationship is a personality network or not. The results that have been accomplished in this paper clarifies that Barletts test has found a Chi-Square estimation of 1.500E3 which is fundamental for p0.01 and along these lines endorsing that the factor investigation for this paper is substantial and genuine. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .554 Bartletts Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1.500E3 Df 105 Sig. .000 Table 1: KMO and Barletts Test It is seen that Table 2 gives the Rotated Factor Matrix by utilizing the Equamax Orthogonal Transformation, which is a factor stacking factor for each factor on every one of the variables. The factor loadings that are lower than 0.30 have been packed and have not been shown. The institutional shareholdings have been seen as 0.853 and then again the shareholding of the outside authoritative speculators is 0.735 and is associated decidedly and then again the shareholding of the advertisers is - 0.824 and in this manner is corresponded adversely to the principal factor, which is known as the possession system. The profit payout prompts a fall in the value of the stock and hence an intrigue strife happens for the insiders. An association that has expanded insider proprietorship suggests for a lower money profit payout. Notwithstanding, the institutional owners are keen on affecting the expanded payouts in order to improve the control over the administration for regulating and managing their issues related to fringe money. The outcomes that are achieved in this paper firmly help the outcomes that are seen in the writing. On the other hand, there exists a point that must be noted to the way that the individual shareholdings for the advertisers, associations an d the speculators of the outside organizations in relationship to the general shareholdings of an association ha

Second Vatican Council Essay Sample free essay sample

The interceding time frame between the first and second Vatican Council was a clasp for both cultural and profound upset. After World War Two. the new mechanism of broadcasting purchased the Civil Rights Movement. the Women’s Liberation contention and numerous other cultural and policy driven issues into the couch set-ups of 1000000s of individuals each dull. triping contention and fanning the flames of modification. The Christian universe did non escape this temper of modification and in an exceptional reaction. the Second Vatican Council was held. Between the clasp of the First Vatican Council and the Second Vatican Council the congregation was extremely preservationist. conventional and remained for all intents and purposes unaltered. The First Vatican Council tended to issues like realism and radicalism. what's more, endeavored to keep up them separate from Catholicism. ( Encyclopedia Britannica. 2012 ) However. in the 1940’s. 50’s and 60’s. builds, for example, radicalism. socialism. secularism. compassion. ecumenism and fairness were all hot catch gives that were affecting both the layman and profound universe. We will compose a custom paper test on Second Vatican Council Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Pope John felt that the First Vatican Council neglected to go to the peaceful features of the religion. so the Church chose to reconsider its examples and look to update the Catholic custom by coordinating aspects of these political directions into Catholicism. ( Voice of Vatican 2. 2012 ) These profound worldview relocations despite everything follow up on our universe today to a significant degree as subjects talked about during the Council, for example, ecumenism. secularism. progressivism and fairness keep on sprouting inside the Church today. Vatican 2 was bound to be a fanatic dislodging from the preservationist soul which had beaten the First Vatican Council. what's more, the general agreement was that the clasp was directly for a reappraisal of the Churches designs. ( Gonzalez. Justo L. The Story of Christianity. Vol. 2. 1985 ) While the underlying quickening agent of the committee was Pope John XXIII. numerous outer adjustments in the mainstream universe played a significant capacity in piecing the committee. Since the clasp of the First chamber. secularism had removed and the Church no longer had the political force it one time did. ( Gonzalez. Justo L. The Story of Christianity. Vol. 2. 1985 ) The period of find was finished. what's more, independency and progressivism were meat uping. Both the substance of Europe and history were changed by the devastation of the two universe wars and the time of building and imparting had started. ( Gonzalez. Justo L. The Story of Christianity. Vol. 2. 1985 ) A huge number of youthful individuals were get bringing down to dissent and request a terminal to uncalled for mediation of dark Americans and grown-up females. in add-on to the a lot all the more fighting for a terminal to the war in Vietnam. The conventional and good standards of the 1930’s and 1940’s were being tested like neer before. Conversations of prophylactic technique and fetus removal in the ‘Roe versus Wade’ contention. the expanding figure of state funded schools and mainstream philanthropy taking over as the new confidence in the media were all issues the Catholic Church was standing up to during this time of pessimism and uncertainness. ( My Father’s House. 2007 ) There was a going tendency to doubt approval. what's more, the Church expected to respond. In an uncommon acknowledgment of current inclinations. Pope John XXIII called a chamber to rethink the Churches examples and go to the peaceful components that were overlooked during Vatican 1. The First Vatican Council was begun by Pope Pius IX. with an end goal to help Catholic followings from the impacts of radicalism. innovation. the Gallic Revolution and the Enlightenment while advancing scriptural peculiarity and Papal approval. ( Encyclopedia Britannica. 2012 ) This period between the First and second board set incredible emphasize on maintaining conventional qualities. convictions and examples. During this clasp. the minister was found in an extremely significant obvious radiation ; he neer confronted the overlay while executing mass and he at any point talked in Latin. ( Mark Pattison. Church News. 2005 ) There was other than tiny commitment of the temporalty. criticalness that there were no perusers or clergymen. everybody was only a simple perceiver. Fellowship was ever go tten on the lingua in a stooping spot and marriage among Catholics and non-Catholics was disapproved of. ( Mark Pattison. Church News. 2005 ) This was an extremely moderate and conventional clasp. in which the Church was truly in-ward thought. In any case. with diverting power per unit zone from the common universe to do the Church to follow a progressively current way of thought. the Pope felt that changes should have been made and he chose to keep a Second Vatican Council. The Second Vatican Council communicated respect for reality and goodness that accompanied modernisation. ( Patheos. 2012 ) The Pope accepted that to keep up that expression of God applicable in people’s lives. the Church ought to sprout with an adjusting common society. The committee was held at St Peters Basilica in the Vatican under Pope John XXIII. on the eleventh of October 1962 and shut under Pope Paul VI on 8 December 1965 and tended to issues, for example, ecclesiology. Sacred Eucharist. otherworldly opportunity and ecumenism. ( New Catholic Encyclopedia. pg. 563. 1967 ) the clasp the board finished. the Church advanced an increasingly expansive way of thought. The development of the Church had gotten less hierarchal and the capacity of the temporalty turned out to be all the more enabling. Perusers during mass were presented. ministers of the Eucharist and driving capacities in areas, for example, ritualistic gatherings. As a result of the committee. the capacity of th e minister was less significant. with more noteworthy highlight being topographic point on ‘ministering to the people’ . The cleric currently faces the overlay. talks in the slang and Communion is currently gotten in the manus while standing. Pope John other than required the developing of ecumenism. by trying to bind together the various sections which he called the ‘separated brethren’ and advanced Dignitatis Humanae or profound opportunity which expresses that the Church will back up the sense of pride of the human soul. These adjustments were put forth trying to keep up the congregation pertinent in a cutting edge universe ; by the by this does non expect that each Catholic moved their ideal models with the Church. At the clasp of the chamber. what's more, even at this point. there are numerous individuals inside the Catholic people group who accept that the congregation turned out to be too much expansive with the changes made during the chamber. In expressing that. Pope John’s require a worldview dislodging inside the Church was exceptionally effective. the same number of the modifications made as a result of the Second Vatican board despite everything follow up on our idea today. The Second Vatican Council was a significant worldview relocation in the Church’s history. also, still impacts our idea to a significant degree today. This is clear in the way develops examined at the board, for example, secularism. progressivism ; ecumenism and uniformity keep on being issues the Church faces today. In Australia. for representation. 23 % of the populace place themselves as following ‘no religion’ . ( Australian Census Bureau. 2011 ) The Church keeps on being reprimanded for being unnecessarily traditionalist sing issues, for example, fetus removal and prophylactic strategy. in add-on to being reprimanded for go oning to limit the capacity of grown-up females in the Church. ( National Catholic Reporter. 2009 ) Many individuals other than stay restricted to ecumenism. accepting that Catholicism is the solitary Church established by Jesus Christ and that otherworldly independence is to be censured. ( National Catholic Reporter. 2009 ) These are all on-going issue which the Church are being approached to see. what's more, the way that individuals keep on talking the changes made by the gathering shows just how important this worldview dislodging is in our cutting edge universe. It very well may be inferred that the Second Vatican Council has affected the post-present day universe. The Church has experienced a sensational adjustment from the moderate clasp of the First Vatican Council. which looked to discourage Catholics from indicting propelled musings of the clasp. to the comprehensive and expansive soul of Vatican 2. In spite of the fact that there are as yet the individuals who contend about whether or non the Church went unreasonably far. the general agreement is that the Second Vatican Council revived the Church in an extremely positive way. It is hard to consider the Catholic Church marinading any pertinence in today’s universe without the changes received as segment of the Second Vatican Council.

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality BPD Treatment Print Transference-Focused Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Is transference-focused therapy right for you? By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on May 14, 2018 Joe Houghton / Moment / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Transference-focused therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychotherapy that focuses on using your relationship with your therapist to change how you relate to people in the world. What Is Transference? Transference is the theoretical process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another. Transference is a key concept in psychodynamic psychotherapies. In these types of therapies, it is presumed that  your feelings about important people in your life, such as your parents or siblings, are transferred onto the therapist. You then come to feel about and react to the therapist as you would to these important figures in their lives. It is believed that through transference, the therapist can see how you interact with people  and the therapist uses this information to help you build healthier relationships. Therapists who practice transference focused therapy for BPD believe that the key cause of BPD is related to dysfunctional relationships in childhood that continue to impact adolescent and adult relationship functioning. The theory is that through interactions with our caregivers in early childhood, we develop a sense of self as well as mental representations of others. If something goes wrong during this development, we may have difficulty forming a solid sense of self or have problems in how we relate to other people. Because there is evidence that childhood maltreatment or early loss of caregivers is associated with increased risk of BPD and because the ?symptoms of BPD include significant problems in relationships and instability in sense of self, some experts have proposed that BPD needs to be treated by building healthier relationships through the use of transference. What to Expect in Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD In transference focused therapy for BPD, the focus is on the interaction between you and the therapist. The therapist rarely gives advice or instructs you on what to do. Instead, the therapist will likely ask you many questions and help you explore your reactions during sessions. In transference focused therapy, an emphasis is placed on the current moment rather than the past. Instead of talking about how you related to your caregivers, you will spend more time talking about how you are relating to your therapist. The therapist also tends to remain neutral in this type of therapy and will avoid giving his opinion and is unavailable outside the therapy session except during emergencies.   Research Support for Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD Preliminary research supports the use of transference focused therapy for BPD. A randomized controlled study, one of the most rigorous forms of research, demonstrated that transference-focused therapy was equivalent to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in reducing some of the symptoms of BPD, such as thoughts of suicide, and was better than DBT in reducing other symptoms like impulsive behaviors or anger.   While this is promising preliminary support for the effectiveness of this treatment, it is important to note a major limitation of this study: Patients in the transference-focused therapy group received more individual psychotherapy than those in the DBT condition. While it is possible that transference-focused therapy is as good if not better than DBT at reducing symptoms of BPD, it is also possible that the improvements were due to the patients receiving more therapy. More research is needed to examine the success of this treatment. While more studies are being done, you may consider talking to your therapist about whether or not transference-focused therapy might work for you. He will talk you through the benefits and drawbacks of this kind of therapy and can give you a recommendation based on your unique situation.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality BPD Treatment Print Transference-Focused Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Is transference-focused therapy right for you? By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on May 14, 2018 Joe Houghton / Moment / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Transference-focused therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychotherapy that focuses on using your relationship with your therapist to change how you relate to people in the world. What Is Transference? Transference is the theoretical process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another. Transference is a key concept in psychodynamic psychotherapies. In these types of therapies, it is presumed that  your feelings about important people in your life, such as your parents or siblings, are transferred onto the therapist. You then come to feel about and react to the therapist as you would to these important figures in their lives. It is believed that through transference, the therapist can see how you interact with people  and the therapist uses this information to help you build healthier relationships. Therapists who practice transference focused therapy for BPD believe that the key cause of BPD is related to dysfunctional relationships in childhood that continue to impact adolescent and adult relationship functioning. The theory is that through interactions with our caregivers in early childhood, we develop a sense of self as well as mental representations of others. If something goes wrong during this development, we may have difficulty forming a solid sense of self or have problems in how we relate to other people. Because there is evidence that childhood maltreatment or early loss of caregivers is associated with increased risk of BPD and because the ?symptoms of BPD include significant problems in relationships and instability in sense of self, some experts have proposed that BPD needs to be treated by building healthier relationships through the use of transference. What to Expect in Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD In transference focused therapy for BPD, the focus is on the interaction between you and the therapist. The therapist rarely gives advice or instructs you on what to do. Instead, the therapist will likely ask you many questions and help you explore your reactions during sessions. In transference focused therapy, an emphasis is placed on the current moment rather than the past. Instead of talking about how you related to your caregivers, you will spend more time talking about how you are relating to your therapist. The therapist also tends to remain neutral in this type of therapy and will avoid giving his opinion and is unavailable outside the therapy session except during emergencies.   Research Support for Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD Preliminary research supports the use of transference focused therapy for BPD. A randomized controlled study, one of the most rigorous forms of research, demonstrated that transference-focused therapy was equivalent to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in reducing some of the symptoms of BPD, such as thoughts of suicide, and was better than DBT in reducing other symptoms like impulsive behaviors or anger.   While this is promising preliminary support for the effectiveness of this treatment, it is important to note a major limitation of this study: Patients in the transference-focused therapy group received more individual psychotherapy than those in the DBT condition. While it is possible that transference-focused therapy is as good if not better than DBT at reducing symptoms of BPD, it is also possible that the improvements were due to the patients receiving more therapy. More research is needed to examine the success of this treatment. While more studies are being done, you may consider talking to your therapist about whether or not transference-focused therapy might work for you. He will talk you through the benefits and drawbacks of this kind of therapy and can give you a recommendation based on your unique situation.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Slavery Is Unjust And There Is No Reasonable Explanation...

A majority of people would agree that slavery is unjust and there is no reasonable explanation for slavery to be justified. In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration, he states that there is a situation when slavery would be justifiable. Slavery, according to Locke, is justified when a man has forfeited his life by having committed an act that deserves death to the person being wronged. To Locke, slavery is nothing more than a state of war between a conqueror with absolute power and the conquered. Once a contract has been formed where the conquered promises obedience, it is then that the state of war and slavery are over. If a person has committed a crime that is punishable by death, the person who was wronged can choose to delay the death and instead have them work for them. If the person finds hardship in living in slavery and finds that it outweighs his life, then he can opt for his death. Locke states that there are two types of slave ry, legitimate and illegitimate slavery. Legitimate slavery is when there is a justifiable reason for using slavery as punishment instead of death. Illegitimate slavery is when an absolute and despotic ruler exercises complete control over a person without having any just cause. The difference between the two forms of slavery is that legitimate slavery has what is considered to be a just cause and illegitimate slavery does not have a just cause. Slavery can never occur without there being a contract inShow MoreRelatedPlato s Views On Democracy845 Words   |  4 Pagesequipped to lead, will try to steer to steer the ship and that the struggle will eventually lead the crew to wreck the ship (195-196). Plato also associates democracy with tyranny, noting that when freedom is taken to an extreme it breeds tyranny and slavery (289). He tells of the tyrant as originally the people’s champion, representing the non-elites (289-290). 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Sunflower Incorporated Case Study Solutions - 725 Words

Sunflower Incorporated case study Overview: Sunflower Inc. is a large distribution company with over 5000 employees that functions as a bureaucracy, which needs to formalize its pricing and purchasing practices. The company purchases and distributes snack foods to retail stores across North America. Sunflower has one corporate office and the company is divided into twenty-two regions. Each region operates as an autonomous small business, which consists of its own leadership. characterized by emphasis on being fast and flexible in responding to the environment. Even though Sunflower prefers to use the small business approach to increase profits the company as a whole is ill-equipped to respond to environmental and market shifts, as†¦show more content†¦Without a comprehensive understanding of company structure and culture, she suggested a solution after a mere three weeks. After a mere three weeks, she suggested a solution but did not communicate or liaise with managers and staff specialists who work with and through p eople to achieve organizational objectives, and OD can help them form effective relationships with others. As the above diagram , Planned change involves four sets of activities entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing, and evaluating and institutionalizing . Albanese approach may be typical for many organizations but unfortunately it doesnt return anticipated results for numerous reasons. Organizational development theory tells us that change, in order to be effective, must be led and managed. Albanese only provided a quick solution to what she regarded as a simple problem while making no efforts to establish a change plan that would have included such elements as providing the leadership and vision to promote the change, cultural assessment to align behavioral norms, communication and stakeholder management, performance management, training and development . Q2: What might Albanese have done differently? What should she do now? Answer: †¢ Ensure all analysis, information and resources are adequate to establish clarity of out come †¢ Involve all executives and managers as well as subordinate to increaseShow MoreRelatedBiodiesel Incorporated2799 Words   |  12 Pages! BIODIESEL INCORPORATED (Case Study p565-569) Joshua Maxwell shut down his laptop and looked out the window. From the second ï ¬â€šoor of the Graduate School of Management’s new building, he could see a number of cars driving on the nearby freeway and sitting in the adjacent parking lot. 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During the same era Indian government passed a law which restricted the foreignRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagessatisfaction† By:- Rajul Bhardwaj Lecturer, Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar(Uttarakhand), India Table Of Contents:- ï  ¶ Chap-1 Introduction 1.1 Global Retailing Industry..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2 The Far East Experience..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 The Changing Food Retailing sector in Asia.. 1.4 Recognition of a Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Objectives of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-2 Literature Review 2.1 Passage to India†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAgricultural Science Sba12288 Words   |  50 Pagespreviously suppressed ammonia simply gasses off. 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For example, to address profitability and demand challenges in the digital still camera market, we are pursuingRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives 177-185 Effects on population growth 186-187 Drug and drug abuse 188-191 Read MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words   |  161 PagesProtection: Insects and Diseases Basic Principals of Hydroponics Transplant Production Pollination, Fertilization and Bee Management Fruit Harvesting, Grading and Storage Plant Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders Fertigation Systems and Nutrient Solutions Greenhouse Site Selection Greenhouse Structures Greenhouse Control Systems Greenhouse Energy and Resource Alternatives â€Å"Greening† the Greenhouse Greenhouse Marketing, Economics Business Plans Appendices CHAPTER 2: CHAPTER 3: CHAPTER 4: CHAPTERRead MoreFins3616 Answers Homework36964 Words   |  148 PagesSolutions End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems to accompany Multinational Finance by Kirt C. Butler Fourth Edition (2008) John Wiley amp; Sons PART I Overview and Background * Chapter 1 An Introduction to Multinational Finance * Answers to Conceptual Questions * 1.1 List the MNC’s key stakeholders. How doesRead MoreEmilio Jacintos Trading Cooperative19425 Words   |  78 Pageswith management and owners. In some cases, employees form worker-owned cooperatives. As the name suggests, a worker-owned cooperative is owned and controlled by its employees.4 Employees establish bargaining units and cooperatives in the hopes of increasing their wages and fringe benefits, improving their general working conditions, and ensuring job security. Cooperatives do not, as is sometimes assumed, contradict the goals of capitalism. If that were the case, cooperatives would not play such an

The Cold War - 1100 Words

The Cold War had an impact regarding Americans socially and culturally. What was the Cold War? The Cold War was a small war between the US and the Soviet Union. It ended up to be that the Soviet Union ended after this.What specifically in social and cultural life did it impact? It impacted how people bonded and they got closer with different cultures, such as African Americans. Some of history’s most famous speeches given during this time include John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"A strategy to Peace† and Dwight D. Eisenhower’s â€Å"A Chance for Peace†. These both were about peace with the Soviet Union and treaty’s and peace initiatives. An excerpt from Kennedy’s speech states: â€Å"What kind of peace do I mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a Pax†¦show more content†¦Communism to me seemed like a democracy. Communism began in the 20th century. This type of rule, led to the Red Scare. The Red Scare, started by the Communists, was a worker revolution. Workers went on strike, and fear was put into peoples hearts. â€Å"As the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare† (Red). These are two things that were big issues and big fears during World War II. How did teens connect to The Catcher in the Rye? Teenagers could connect to Holden since HE was a teenager. â€Å"The book struck a chord with American teenagers who identified with the novels themes of alienation, innocence, and rebellion† (Krastev). Teenagers go through a period of rebellion, innocence, and alienation. Its natural. Some reactions were mostly from the Russians. They saw it as a book that would last long. â€Å"Boris Paramonov, a Russian philosopher and contributor to RFE/RLs Russian Service, says he and his Russian friends and colleagues instantly recognized that it was a book that would endure through the ages† (Krastev). Many teens could connect with Holden on the alienation angle of the book. They go through all these things and they think they are all alone or they have no one to go to. They can also relate toShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence o f dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Eu rope. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. 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At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. 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Black Civil Rights Essay Research Paper More free essay sample

Black Civil Rights Essay, Research Paper More than a hundred old ages ago the Europeans brought slaves to North America. The inkinesss found themselves in the thick of bias Whites with no manner out. When the inkinesss came over Jim Crow Torahs were incorporated. With these Torahs it was near impossible for inkinesss to lift in the white universe. Booker T. Washington was the first black to lift to any prominence in this clip. In the early 1900 # 8217 ; s inkinesss nevertheless began to contend back. In 1909 black promotion organisations began to increase all over North America. Unfortunately with the rise of these groups besides came the rise of racist white groups like the Ku Klux Klan and others viciously killing inkinesss. All inkinesss coming into N. America were being brought into a really hostile environment. The first mark of inkinesss going more equal was the inkinesss to contend in the World War. For the first clip they were looked upon as war veterans alternatively of black slaves. Although advancement was get downing a black adult male named Garvey believed that the Whites would neer alter, because of this he started an association called # 8220 ; Back to Africa # 8221 ; . At the coming of the Second World War, inkinesss take parting in the war were being more of import places than of all time before. Franklin Roosevelt was the first president to do a strong part to the Civil Rights motion. He had signed a declaration that stated no 1 could be discriminated in the work topographic point and other countries based on race. Besides the high tribunal passed a jurisprudence that enabled black kids to hold the same instruction chances as white kids. It was in December 1955 that Rosa Parks made a large measure for civil rights by making a really little but brave thing. She was arrested for non giving up her place to a white adult male on a coach, which broke one of the many Jim Crow Torahs. With that one action black militant hired Martin Luther King Jr. to boycott the coach Torahs. This boycott of the Jim Crow transit Torahs was a complete success, establishing Martin Luther King Jr. into national stardom with the achievement. King frequently acted on and admired the ways of M. Gandhi. Soon inkinesss all over began to non-violently protest many unintegrated topographic points. In bend many topographic points were desegregated. President John F. Kennedy was a strong force besides in the battle for black civil rights and his blackwash in 1963 did cause reverses. The inkinesss in the North felt that they had to make more than the inkinesss in the South to do a difference but they didn # 8217 ; Ts have a voice. That was until Malcolm X joined the voice of Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X did do a difference but he was non liked by many Whites and even was strongly disliked by black Muslims. Soon subsequently black Muslims shooting and killed Malcolm X, non much later Martin Luther King Jr. was besides assassinated, and another great voice was silenced. Jesse Jackson arose the violent death in 1965. He started many organisations to assist support inkinesss and civil rights. Besides to demo that the equality between inkinesss and Whites was acquiring stronger Jackson ran for President of the United States in both 1984 and 1988, non merely going a menace in the civil rights motion but as a political icon besides. His message was and still is good liked by both inkinesss and Whites, as he sends the message of true equality and non merely power to inkinesss. Poverty, instruction, and racism are still portion of today # 8217 ; s society and in political conflict with each other, but the attempts of all the inkinesss are paying off for everyone. The universe does look to be acquiring better.

What I Learned from English 102 Research Paper Example

What I Learned from English 102 Paper ENG102 Prof 11/24/11 Reflective Essay When the semester began I thought to my knowledge that my writing was that of good quality. Though I had a good basic understanding of the format of an essay or letter I still had a lot to learn. My writing changed in many ways such as learning to eliminate unnecessary wording in my thesis, the use of synonyms, analyzing quotes and writing abstract to concrete thoughts or ideas. This Class not only helped enhance my writing abilities but to also better evaluate the writings of others and forced me to acknowledge the rigorous work of future courses in college. The thesis was and still is at times a task for me. I have always had the right perspective when it came to my thesis yet it was always very broad. I learned, though my thesis was pointed in the right direction I had to eliminate the unnecessary wording and make my statement clear and to the point. For example before the revision my thesis was â€Å"It is human nature to attain freedom at any cost than to live in madness or misery and the life of torture†, after my acquired knowledge I edited my thesis to â€Å"It is human nature to attain freedom at any cost than to live in madness or misery†. We will write a custom essay sample on What I Learned from English 102 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What I Learned from English 102 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What I Learned from English 102 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I acknowledged my bad habit and a run on of thoughts which I have come to correct. At times I find it funny that I couldn’t figure it out myself. The usage of synonyms was a concept I had to remember from grade school. It was pointed out to me that I had a repetitive use of words in my writing. In one of my previous essays I used the word freedom a bit too often, so I had to edit and make changes from â€Å"Madness can be an imprisonment that forces one to seek freedom† to â€Å"Madness can be an imprisonment that forces one to seek autonomy†. This was better when used synonyms because it keeps the reader interested. The use of synonyms creates the play of words, keeps the reader enlightened as they go along and helps the writer broaden their own vocabulary on an intellectual level. When a writer has analyzed a quote then he has analyzed the book itself. Issues can arise if a quote is not correctly evaluated. You must be positive that what you are saying coincides with your work for example in â€Å"The story of an Hour† the doctors said â€Å"she died of heart disease-of joy that kills†. When one is looking at this, one does not actually think there is a disease as such but there is a deeper meaning to it. I took this and realized the meaning by going back to the story. I could tell by the characters actions after the news of her husband’s death that happiness and freedom were emitting off her as never before. I had to envision this characters emotions to her joyous relief which made me appreciate the doctor’s quote. Going through the process of understanding a character helped me to comprehend the deeper meaning of certain quotes in the books I have been reading. This procedure aided me to incorporate this information into my essay as a developing writer. Writing abstract to concrete thoughts or ideas is very important. To speak about love which is abstract, one would have to express the emotion given by another that would be concrete as hugging or kissing. I found this to be very significant because when reflecting on abstract thoughts I learned to be specific and by evidence or explanation so to be concrete. In my paper â€Å"Price of freedom† I stated â€Å"madness can be an imprisonment that forces one to seek autonomy†, that is an abstract thought but it was made concrete by the verified information from the book â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. I stated from my understanding of the book that â€Å"a women is isolated and told to rest by her husband†. â€Å"She descends into madness and construes the hallucinations of the wallpaper being real†. I made clear of my abstract thought to be concrete. I learned this helps the reader to better acknowledge the perspective of the writer. This class not only help me improve my writing skills but also prepare me for the painstaking work of future courses in college. Being able to read, write and discuss multiple books or documents on an intellectual level is more than a requirement; it is necessity for any and all students who would want to advance in today’s world. I do not believe one would be hired for a professional job if that person is speaking on a mere fifth grade level. I take great pride in the knowledge I have gained here. I can look at another student’s paper and discuss whether or not it is well written or needs improvement; that is an accomplishment in it of itself. In conclusion to the reflective look back on my journey, I can see how far I have come. I have come to appreciate writing, yet more so for reading because there was a time where I would dread the idea of reading, but I have come to recognize that reading is more enjoyable when it is something I favor. Writing has become very important in my life and at times it is my only way to speak. I am thankful for the great professor I have had a chance to work with because a good teacher makes the difference between professional advancement and utter failure. I can truly say I have learned much and am stronger to take on the educational system.

Widow Spiders, Genus Latrodectus

Widow Spiders, Genus Latrodectus The famous black widow is just one of the venomous widow spiders living throughout the world. Bites from female widow spiders are medically significant, and may require treatment with an antivenin. Widow spiders do not attack humans unprovoked, but will bite when touched or threatened. What Do Widow Spiders Look Like? Most people will recognize widow spiders by the hourglass markings on the underside of their abdomens. The hourglass mark is not present in all Latrodectus species, however. Females take longer to reach maturity and molt more times than males, resulting in darker, shinier coloration. Males, by contrast, remain lighter and duller. Female widow spiders are larger than their male counterparts; the body of a mature female measures about one half inch in length. Female Latrodectus spiders have a spherical abdomen and long, thin legs. Widow spiders belong to the cobweb spider family. They spin irregular, sticky webs to catch insects. Like other cobweb spiders, widows possess a row of bristles on their hind legs. This comb-foot helps the widow spiders wrap her insect victims in silk. How Are Widow Spiders Classified? Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - ArachnidaOrder - AraneaeFamily - TheridiidaeGenus - Latrodectus What Do Widow Spiders Eat? Widow spiders feed on insects, which they capture in their webs. When an insect touches the web, the widow spider senses the vibration and immediately rushes to capture the prey. The Widow Spider Life Cycle The widow spider life cycle begins with eggs. A female widow spider lays several hundred eggs, wraps them in a silken egg case, and suspends it from her web. She keeps watch over the eggs, and will defend them vigorously during the month of their development. During her lifetime, the female may produce up to 15 egg sacs, with as many as 900 eggs in each one. The newly hatched spiderlings are cannibals, and will quickly devour one another until only a dozen or so offspring remain. To disperse, the young spiders parachute down from the web on silken threads. They continue to molt and grow for two or three months, depending on their sex. Most females live about nine months, but the male lifespan is considerably shorter. Widow spiders, especially black widows, have earned a reputation for sexual cannibalism – the female eats the male after mating. While this does occasionally occur, it is more myth than fact. Not all males get eaten by their partners. Special Behaviors and Defenses of Widow Spiders Widow spiders do not have good eyesight. Instead, they rely on their sensitivity to vibrations to detect prey or potential threats. For this reason, its never a good idea to touch the web of a widow spider. A careless poke with a finger is likely to attract a speedy bite from the resident widow. Mature female Latrodectus spiders inject a neurotoxic venom when they bite. In prey, the venom takes affect fairly quickly; the spider holds the insect firmly until it stops moving. Once the prey is immobilized, the widow injects it with digestive enzymes that begin to liquefy the meal. Though widow spiders are not aggressive, they will bite defensively if touched. In humans, the venom causes latrodectism, a medical syndrome that requires treatment. Within a few minutes, a bite victim will feel localized pain at the site. Symptoms of a widow spider bite include sweating, rigid abdominal muscles, hypertension, and swelling of the lymph nodes. Where Do Widow Spiders Live? Widow spiders stay outdoors, for the most part. They live in crevices or recesses within rock piles, logs, embankments, or outbuildings like sheds or barns. Widow spiders live on all continents except Antarctica. Five species of Latrodectus spiders occur in the U.S.: southern black widow (L. mactans), western black widow (L. Hesperus), northern black widow (L. variolus), red widow (L. bishopi), and brown widow (L. geometricus). Worldwide, about 31 species belong to this genus. Other Names for Widow Spiders In some parts of the world, widow spiders are referred to as button spiders. Sources: Latrodectus, Tree of Life WebGenus Latrodectus, Bugguide.netBlack Widow Spider, Ohio State University Factsheet

Some of the Possible Learning Disabilities that Face Organizations Assignment - 1

Some of the Possible Learning Disabilities that Face Organizations - Assignment Example As the employees strive to enhance his loyalty to the organization that he currently works with, it is often seen that over time the employee will result to unintentionally confuse his job with his own personal identity. This will create a situation where the inability by the employee to separate his own personal identity from that of his job creates the learning disability that Senge describes in his book as â€Å"I am my position.† A personal experience illustrating this disability was evident in my uncle who after a long period of being unemployed, he finally managed to get a good well paying job that offered great benefits and handsomely rewarded any extra input that a person made to the organization beyond the normal working hours. In a few short weeks, all of his conversations were quickly characterized by his constant referral to his new job. He never missed the opportunity to speak highly of his new job and what he was doing for his company. After a while, the novelty of being forced to constantly hear about his new job quickly wore off. It became apparent to the entire family that my uncle was equating his success at his job to his own personal achievements; this was despite his losing out on the social front and was quickly becoming a pariah among friends and family who were making efforts to avoid him and his tedious story. A possible cure for this learning disability can be achieved by my uncle following the 11th law of the Fifth disciple. According to (Senge, 2006), this law basically states that â€Å"There is no one to blame†. People often tend to blame their circumstances for the difficulties and challenges that they happen to experience. My uncle needs to realize that the cure to this problem lies in the relationship with his â€Å"enemy†, which happens to be himself. He should actively take steps and measures that will ensure that he effectively manages to separate his own personal life from his job and views them differently.     

Nursing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Nursing assignment - Essay Example ea of wound dressing since I identified that wound dressing is a technique, and this involves high level of professional involvement and meticulousness to impart this. Apart from the principles of wound infection, wound nature, and principles of sterility, a thorough understanding of the physiology of the particular variety of wound is necessary so a standard care can be delivered to the patient. If all the principles are followed in a rigorous manner, there is no reason why a difficult wound would not heal; therefore, wound dressing has implications in patient outcome. I have observed that my skills in wound dressing have improved with practice and repeated dressings of the same wound while the patient was under my care. This indicates that practice of the principles improves the standard of the care particularly applicable to wound dressing, and the care standards may be strengthened, that is, practice may be strengthened. I have decided to reflect on my wound dressings with Joanna since reflection is a process that critically analyzes the care provided, and it would help me to find out my weaknesses and strengths. Not only that, this process of reflection would enhance my future practice (McCormack B, Manley K, Garbett R., 2004). Definitions: The professional practice of nursing, midwifery, and health visiting takes place in a context of continuous change. New researches are taking place continuously, and the evidence base of practice and learning is being enhanced in a rapid manner. Therefore, new developments and continuously being introduced in practice, influenced by factors, such as, government initiatives and improvements in medical and nursing science. Professional nurses cannot hope to practice safely, efficiently, and effectively being constantly accountable to the fact whether standards of practice have been met or not unless they engage in continuing professional development mainly to maintain up to date knowledge base to underpin that practice and

Concepts of Abnormality and Mental Health

Concepts of Abnormality and Mental Health Sevgi Gulbahce Psychology Access to Nursing Definition Example Abnormality It is behaving in ways which the majority of people do not behave in, or not acting in the ways the majority of people behave in. It can be anything that is not considered as normal. Abnormal behaviour can be affected by numerous factors e.g. social norm, the ambiguity of the break point between abnormal/normal and bias and fundamental attribution errors. And one thing that may be abnormal in the UK maybe seen as normal in another country etc. An individual can be said to be abnormal if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life e.g. interact with others, self-care and make themselves understood to others. Rosenhan Seligman (1989) believed the following characteristics describe failure to function adequately are: Vividness unconventionality, unpredictable loss of control, Irrationality/incomprehensibility, Violates moral/social standards and Causes observer discomfort. Normality The meaning of normal can vary from person, culture, place, situation and time. Normal can change with societal standards and norm. Normal behaviour can be subjective and can be recognised when compared to what is not normal or abnormal. A person carrying out normal behaviour can show empathy, can relate its thoughts to others. They understand their actions, they are aware of all actions and can act sanely. They can show the correct emotions when necessary, and are capable of understanding others etc. Definitions Explanation Evaluation Statistical infrequency It is used to find out the norm of a society. It can be used to categorise people in to normal, frequent, typical or atypical. It is not accounted for social acceptability or behaviour type e.g. a very intelligent person may be seen as abnormal because it is uncommon and odd behaviour that is uncommon but may be accepted as abnormal Deviation from social norms It is going against a societies accepted behaviour codes Social norms can be can change depending on the society and standards may change e.g. in our society it was seen as abnormal to be an unmarried mother before than it is now Failure to function adequately When a person has difficulty maintaining a social relationship or staying in a job Other than social dysfunction, it is also being in a disabling state of distress. Problems can be that certain mental disorders may not cause distress and that it may sometimes be normal to be distressed. Deviation from ideal mental health When a person does not have all the criteria’s required for a normal healthy functioning The criteria’s for the ideal mental health may be difficult to measure and so demanding that some people fail to meet them TAQ 2 Define Explain DSM IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition is a manual published by the American psychiatric association and it used to diagnose and categorize mental disorders Psychiatrics diagnoses are categorised by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. It includes all mental health disorders for both adults and children. It lists all the causes of these disorders, age at onset, statistics in terms of gender and prognosis. They use this manual when working with patients to help better understand their illnesses and the potential treatment and also to help the third party payers such as insurer’s. The DSM is divided into five sections and the fourth section is used to asses: the events in a person’s life such as death of a loved one, unemployment and starting a new job etc. ICD The International Classification of Disease tenth revision is a system of coding created by the World Health Organization. It notes the medical records of the diseases, symptoms, findings and causes of injury. The ICD-10-classification for mental disorders is made of 10 main groups: F0 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders F1 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of psychoactive substances F2 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders F3 Mood [affective] disorders F4 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders F5 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors F6 Disorders of personality and behaviour in adult persons F7 Mental retardation F8 Disorders of psychological development F9 Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. (web 4 health, 2003) TAQ 3 Evaluate the biological (medical approach) and behaviourist approach to abnormality In psychology there are different approaches when examining both normal and abnormal behaviour. The four main are: biological, behavioural, cognitive and psychodynamic. We will be evaluating biological and behavioural in this essay. The biological approach to abnormal behaviour concentrates on medical issues that causes the mental illnesses. It can involve damage to the brain, physical illness, or chemical imbalances. The medical approach believes that it can be caused by any of the following four physical causes: genetic, biochemistry, Neuroanatomy and infections. Usually the mental illness is inherited from the parents. It can run in the family or if a certain gene is seen to be responsible for the illness. There are various chemicals in the brain to help with communication and these are called neurotransmitters. Examples of neurotransmitters are serotonin, dopamine and adrenalin. If an imbalance in these chemicals occur it can cause psychological disorders, this is called biochemistry. Neuroanatomy believes the abnormal behaviour is caused by a problem in the structure of the brain. It is found that the syphilis bacterium can cause disorders known as general paresis which can cause forgetfulness and delusions. Also there are research to suggest that influenza in a pregnant woman can cause schizophrenia in a child in the later ages. There are many different treatment types depending on the illness cause. If the is the problem is caused by physical problem then a physical procedure is carried out. If the problem is with the brain structure then surgery might be necessary and lastly if the problem caused is chemically then drugs are given to address the problem. Antipsychotics are prescribed to patients suffering from schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine can also be prescribed to help block some of the dopamine receptors stopping the brain to become less sensitive. If a patient experience suicidal thoughts Clozapine can be prescribed which acts on serotonin and dopamine pathways. Anti-depressants are prescribed to patients to help with preventing reabsorption or by blocking the enzymes. When drugs have little or no effect or in most extreme cases surgery might be carried out. These include cutting or removing certain parts of the brain. Frontal lobotomies are used in the UK to calm men that are violent. Deep brain stimul ation can also be used and is successfully used to treat patients with Parkinson’s, depression and anorexia. The behaviourist model believes that all behaviour is learned which also includes abnormal behaviour. The behaviour can also be forgotten which is the method used for treatment. There are three different ways in which behaviour is learned: classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning. Classical conditioning was discovered by a Russian physiologist called Ivan Pavlov. It is a learning method that happens through relations between an environmental stimulus and a stimulus that is occurring naturally. Watson and Rayner did a research on an eleven month old little boy called Albert. He was shown a white rat which he had no fear of, (natural stimulus). Afterwards the rat was shown again to Albert but every time a metal bar was struck with a hammer behinds Albert’s head producing a loud sound. Every time the metal bar was struck he would start crying. This was done a several times and they had seen that Albert had developed a fear towards the rat. (Revision with Richie, 2015) Operant Conditioning was found by a behaviourist called B.F. Skinner. It is a method of learning that happens through rewards or punishment for behaviour. An association can be made between a behaviour and the consequences for that behaviour. E.g. when a lab rat presses on the blue button he will receive a rewards which is a food pallet however when he presses the red button he will receive mild electric shock. He eventually learns to press the blue button for a rewards and avoids the red button. (Simply Psychology, 2015) Observation learning is found by psychologist Albert Banbura. It is known as social learning, it can occur from retaining, observing and copying behaviour in other people, and it can happen at any stage of life, but is most important during childhood. Albert Banbura (1965) demonstrated an experiment called the Bobo doll. Children were seeing adults hit a doll and either be rewarded, punished or neither. After seeing this the children had learned aggressive behaviour. If a person is rewarded for its actions they are more likely to repeat the behaviour. Behaviour therapies are used to treat phobias and involve the patient learning to associate their phobic stimulus with relaxation. SD is an effective therapy used on patients struggling with more serious disorders. It is slower process, however the longer the technique takes the more it can be effective. Aversion method that teaches a person to associate their unwanted behaviour with something unpleasant. E.g. teaching an alcoholic person to associate their preferred drink with being violently ill. Token economy is a method used in psychiatric prisons and hospitals. If a person behaves in a wanted way they are rewarded with tokens which can be used to buy something they like. Modelling is another treatment method and can be used to treat phobias. The patient watches a person coping well with the phobic situation, and then the patient may feel comfortable in doing the same. Bibliography Education portal, 2003, what is Abnormal Psychology? Definition and Common Disorders Studied, (online) available at: http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-abnormal-psychology-definition-and-common-disorders-studied.html (accessed: 13 February 2015) Prezi, 2015, Abnormal IB Psychology, (online) available at: https://prezi.com/yqvdodv4jrll/abnormal-ib-psychology/ (accessed: 13 February 2015) Intropsych, 2007, Defining abnormal behaviour, (online) available at: http://www.intropsych.com/ch12_abnormal/defining_abnormal_behavior.html (accessed: 13 February 2015) Alley dog, 1998, Abnormal, (online) available at: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Abnormal (accessed: 14 February 2015) Simply Psychology, 2015, Abnormal psychology, (online) available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/abnormal-psychology.html (accessed: 14 February 2015) American psychiatric association, 2014, DSM, (online) available at: http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm (accessed: 13 February 2015) As psychology, 2014, defining abnormality, (online) available at: http://as-psychology.pbworks.com/w/page/9174252/DefiningAbnormality (accessed: 14 February 2015) Web 4 health, 2003, Mental Disorders and classification of mental disorders (ICD-10, DSM-IV) (online) available at: http://web4health.info/fi/psy-icddsm-what.htm (accessed: 14 February 2015) Revision with Richie, 2015, the Behaviourist Model of Abnormality (online) available at:http://revisewithrachie.com/revision-sheets/abnormality/the-behaviourist-model-of-abnormality/ (accessed: 15 February 2015) Simply Psychology, 2015, Skinner-Operant Conditioning (online) available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html (accessed: 15 February 2015)

julius caesar - flattery :: essays research papers

In William Shakespeare's tragic play Julius Caesar, an under appreciated factor of flattery and persuasion plays an important role in the choices of the leaders. Cassius uses flattery with Brutus. Decius uses flattery with Caesar, and Antony uses flattery with Brutus. Cassius persuades and flatters Brutus. Cassius knows that Caesar would do harm to Rome if he became leader. Brutus would be a powerful force in the conspirator's movement to kill Caesar before Caesar becomes king and destroys Rome. Cassius really needs Brutus on his side, so in order to persuade Brutus, he uses lots of flattery. Whenever Cassius talks to Brutus he throws in "good Brutus", "gentle Brutus" or "dear Brutus" to make Brutus feel comfortable and confident. He also uses overlooked flattery when speaking to Brutus. Cassius realizes all his sweet talk has done well when he responds to Brutus with "I am glad/That my weak words have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus" (I, ii, 8). By this, he means that his words have lit a flame, or triggered a though in "the great" Brutus's head. Decius uses flattery and persuasion when speaking to Brutus. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar" (II, ii, 30). Decius also goes on and calls Caesar "most mighty". Decius is already on Caesar's good side. After catching up on Calpurnia's dream, he uses his quick wit to distort Calpurnia's foreshadowing dream by saying it is "misinterpreted". He explains that the dream "Signifies that from (Caesar) Rome shall suck/Reviving blood, and that great men shall press/for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance" (II, ii, 31). Caesar seems to be amazed by this version of the interpretation; in fact, he likes this version a lot better mainly because Decius uses so much flattery. Antony deceives Brutus and the other conspirators with his keen wit and his sweet talk. After a brief minute of expressing sorrow, Antony goes right into saying "Friends am I with you all, and love you all" (III, I, 42). Antony is using flattery in order to get Brutus on his good side so he can speak in the order of Caesar's funeral. Antony asks Brutus if he can, Brutus agrees without hesitation. julius caesar - flattery :: essays research papers In William Shakespeare's tragic play Julius Caesar, an under appreciated factor of flattery and persuasion plays an important role in the choices of the leaders. Cassius uses flattery with Brutus. Decius uses flattery with Caesar, and Antony uses flattery with Brutus. Cassius persuades and flatters Brutus. Cassius knows that Caesar would do harm to Rome if he became leader. Brutus would be a powerful force in the conspirator's movement to kill Caesar before Caesar becomes king and destroys Rome. Cassius really needs Brutus on his side, so in order to persuade Brutus, he uses lots of flattery. Whenever Cassius talks to Brutus he throws in "good Brutus", "gentle Brutus" or "dear Brutus" to make Brutus feel comfortable and confident. He also uses overlooked flattery when speaking to Brutus. Cassius realizes all his sweet talk has done well when he responds to Brutus with "I am glad/That my weak words have struck but thus much show of fire from Brutus" (I, ii, 8). By this, he means that his words have lit a flame, or triggered a though in "the great" Brutus's head. Decius uses flattery and persuasion when speaking to Brutus. Decius is an active member of the Conspirators so he is very motivated into getting Caesar to go to the Senate House. The first thing that Decius says when he walks into Caesar's house is "Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar" (II, ii, 30). Decius also goes on and calls Caesar "most mighty". Decius is already on Caesar's good side. After catching up on Calpurnia's dream, he uses his quick wit to distort Calpurnia's foreshadowing dream by saying it is "misinterpreted". He explains that the dream "Signifies that from (Caesar) Rome shall suck/Reviving blood, and that great men shall press/for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance" (II, ii, 31). Caesar seems to be amazed by this version of the interpretation; in fact, he likes this version a lot better mainly because Decius uses so much flattery. Antony deceives Brutus and the other conspirators with his keen wit and his sweet talk. After a brief minute of expressing sorrow, Antony goes right into saying "Friends am I with you all, and love you all" (III, I, 42). Antony is using flattery in order to get Brutus on his good side so he can speak in the order of Caesar's funeral. Antony asks Brutus if he can, Brutus agrees without hesitation.

Indonesia And Pakistan Healthcare Systems Health And Social Care Essay

Health and nutrition are a critical portion of the development of any state and lend widely to its growing in footings of societal and economic development. The wellness of a state is defined by the wellness and nutritionary position of the two chief groups of the society ; mother and kid. It is imperative to retrieve that a healthy female parent is the innovator of a hereafter healthy coevals. Pakistan and Indonesia suffer to a great extent from hapless maternal and infant mortality rates as compared to other developed states. The maternal mortality ratio for Pakistan and Indonesia are 260 and 240 per 100,000 unrecorded births severally ( WHO 2010 ) . Siddiqi et Al. ( 2004 p.120 ) believes that major majority of the hapless maternal status in Pakistan are concentrated in the rural countries, where there are perennial gestation, hapless dietetic wonts, scarceness of proper antenatal and postpartum attention and deficiency of proper immunisation coverage, saying a figure of merely 48 % coverage for lockjaw anatoxin ( Federal Bureau of Statistics 2002 cited in Siddiqi et.al. 2004 ) . Indonesia paints a really similar image in this respect with statistics demoing 59 % place bringings ; 39.5 % in urban and 76.1 % in rural countries ( Indonesian Health and Demography Survey 2002-2003 cited in WHO 2011 ) . Harmonizing to WHO ( 2011 ) Urban countries in Indonesia are over supplied with specializers and physicians but many community Centres in rural and distant countries lack even general physicians. The just distribution of work force has been a challenge for the authorities of both states and one of the greatest grounds of the high mortality rates.Table 1. Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 births in 1990-2008, by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Banks Maternal Mortality Estimation Interagency Group 2010 ( WHO 2010 ) .However detecting the maternal mortality rates of these states from 1990 to 2008, a singular betterment has been seen particularly in Indonesia. The chief ground for this has been the execution of a figure of strategically good planned plans by both s tates. Indonesia tackled this by integrating wellness voluntaries, supervised by a visiting nurse or small town accoucheuse and by increasing skilled birth attenders who ensured prenatal and postpartum attention, nutritionary guidance, wellness instruction and better immunisation services ; these all came with the acceptance of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in 1997 ( Trisnantoro, L et.al 2010 ) . In Pakistan the Prime Minister ‘s Program for Family Planning and Primary Health Care was implemented, which aimed to supply services of generative wellness, female parent and kid wellness instruction, actuating and supplying household planning tools and intervention of minor complaint by a lady wellness worker, who was a local of the community ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p40 ) . Therefore, the success of both these plans was based on two factors, the job was addressed at the grass root degree and local people and voluntaries of the community were utilized in supplying thes e services. Poor maternal wellness translates into birth of kids who are under weight and under nourished, therefore lending to the high baby mortality rates. Both states have undertaken steps for rectifying their bing hapless maternal wellness position, however a comparing of their infant mortality rates reveals otherwise. Indonesia has been observed to hold had much more success with a reduced infant mortality rate of 31 per 1000 unrecorded births while Pakistan shows a markedly high rate of ( WHO 2008 ) . These rates clearly indicate that the Indonesian authorities was able to implement their policies and delivered to the community more efficaciously than the Pakistani authorities.1.2. Nutritional lacks in kids:In developing states like Pakistan and Indonesia major wellness concerns revolve around nutritionary lacks in kids. Pasricha & A ; , Biggs ( 2010 p.2 ) believes that blowing acrobatics and underweight are a contemplation of nutritionary want, chronic malnutrition including micronutrien t lack and associated factors like low birth weight, infective diseases and enteric parasitic infections et cetera.Table 2. Prevalence of malnutrition among kids under 5 old ages, World Health Organization growing criterions 2008 ( Pasricha & A ; , Biggs 2010 p. 2 )The high rates evident from the information for acrobatics, scraggy and blowing from the above tabular array highlight the prevalence of malnutrition in both states. David & A ; Lobo ( 1995 p.1 ) believe that the major cause of morality in under 5 twelvemonth olds in developing states is, diarrhoea and malnutrition. But the informations from WHO ( 2008 ) speaks otherwise pneumonia as the taking of under five mortality with prematureness and diarrhoea following it, in both provinces. On the other manus Iram & A ; Butt ( 2006 ) argued that the causes of child malnutrition in developing states are non merely those related to traditional 1s like hygiene, respiratory or diarrhoeal disease but include the impact of a state â₠¬Ëœs political instability, economical growing and resources and without taking into history these the overall purpose of diminishing malnutrition would be near to impossible. Pakistan is one of the three states in the universe to hold the highest figure of ill-fed kids ( Nuruddin, R 2009 p. 712 ) . This can clearly be seen by the high mortality rate for under 5 twelvemonth olds in Pakistan for 2009 which come to be 87 per 1000 as compared to 39 For Indonesia ( World Bank 2009 ) . These high rates highlight the failure on the portion of the Pakistani wellness ministry to better the factors responsible for better wellness results in kids. Indonesia although in comparing to Pakistan has a lower under 5 twelvemonth old mortality rate, but is still plagued by a batch of issues lending well to the present mortality rates, one of them being malaria. Malaria contributes to around six million clinical instances and 700 deceases each twelvemonth ( Laihad F cited in Sipe & A ; Dale 2003 p.1 ) . Thus it can be overall concluded that the high rates reported in respects to nutritionary lacks and diseases prevalent in both states indicate that there is much room for bet terment and revolves around the attempts of the several states to decrease them.Major constituents of the wellness attention systemThe wellness of a state depends upon how its wellness attention system is planned and organized. The wellness system of a state is controlled by a figure of characteristics like the legal system, the political system and its economical position. The basic model of Indonesia and Pakistan is rather similar, with a cardinal authorities responsible for the ordinance of all facets of the wellness industry and allied.1. Leadership & A ; Administration:Pakistan has a federal system of authorities with a cardinal authorities, states, territories and sub territories while Indonesia has a cardinal authorities. Both states have a ministry of wellness which is the chief government organic structure which comes under the cardinal authorities responsible for deputing power to the provincial and territory degree. In Pakistan the federal ministry of wellness is the prem ier regulating organic structure responsible for preparation of national wellness policies, Torahs and statute laws refering wellness, nevertheless the execution of these policies, under the fundamental law of Pakistan, is the duty of the provincial authorities ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p. 38 ) . Furthermore after the Devolution program of the authorities of Pakistan in 2000 ( Govt. of Pakistan 2000 cited in Shaikh & A ; Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) the territory authorities were given complete powers in all affairs of finance allotment, schemes and intercessions based on the demand identified by them ( Shaikh & A ; Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) . In Indonesia the construct of decentalisation is more recent and came with ‘The Decentralization Policy ‘ in 1999 where the three regional degrees of Province, District and City regional were given liberties ( WHO SEARO 2007 p. 8 ) . Owing to this policy it was expected that the wellness attention system of Indonesia would better. Heywood & A ; Har ahap ( 2009 ) nevertheless believe otherwise, reasoning that the cardinal determinations like finance at territory degree were still made by the cardinal authorities and small power had been really allocated to the territory authorities.2. Finance:Finance is one of the basic pillars that a wellness attention system sustains itself on. The per centum of budget that a state allocates for wellness, defines the degree of wellness commissariats available to its people. The % of the entire GDP that both Indonesia and Pakistan have assigned for wellness is 2.2 and 2.7 severally ( World Bank 2007 ) . With the % of the budget assigned for wellness it is seen that both states rely to a great extent on foreign AIDSs to fund their wellness attention systems. It has besides been observed that the more the input of financess by foreign bureaus in wellness sectors in developing states, there is less disposition to apportion fundss to the wellness sector.3. Service Delivery:Health attention bringin g in both states comprises of public and private sectors which provide services in infirmaries, wellness Centre, clinics et cetera.3.1. Public wellness sector:The public wellness sector is the constituent of the wellness system which is regulated by the authorities in footings of funding and allotment of work force and wellness units. Pakistan ‘s public wellness sector is set up in footings of degrees of attention get downing from Basic Health Units which serves a population of 10,000 to 20,000, and rural wellness Centres which serve a larger population of 25,000 to 50,000 ; following are the tehsil infirmaries which cover 0.5 to 1 million population and eventually the third degree infirmaries functioning 1-2 million people ( Shaikh & A ; Hatcher 2005 p.50 ) . The public sector of Indonesia starts from bomber Centres which cover the small towns, following are the wellness Centres or Puskemas which are the focal point of primary wellness attention which come at the sub-district , following are the third infirmaries at territory, provincial and cardinal degree ( WHO SEARO 2007 ) . Despite the apparatus of these Centres, the rural and distant countries of both states suffer from non-availability of wellness staff due to the glut of the work force in urban countries.3.2. Private Health sector:Private wellness sector includes all the wellness suppliers outside the authorities sphere. In Pakistan it serves 70 % of the population and is a fee-for-service system ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p.39 ) . This includes non merely all the infirmaries and general practicians but besides wellness professionals belonging to alternate medical specialties like homoeopaths, hakims, herb doctor, religious therapists and quacks ( Shaikh & A ; Hatcher 2005 p. 50 ) . Similar tendencies are besides seen in the private sector of Indonesia, where the authorities is seen to be actively promoting it therefore private disbursement on health care doing up 75 % of the sum ( Healthcare & A ; Pha rmaceuticals Forecast Asia & A ; Australasia 2005 ) . Majority of the community prefers the private services due to better quality of attention provided and better handiness of resources. Thus the private sector in both provinces has rather efficaciously closed the spread in the wellness services but is limited as people with limited fiscal resources can non entree them, foregrounding the defect of the system.4. Health work forceThe major issue when it comes to workforce is about understanding the demographics of a state. It is non about increasing measure but just distribution of work force. In both states at that place have been important additions in the figure of physicians and nurses but yet there is lack in rural countries. In Pakistan there has been a ample addition in the figure of medical colleges, postgraduate medical colleges and nursing colleges ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p.40 ) , yet there is scarceness in rural countries. This is because the bulk of the wellness work force is cantered in the urban countries go forthing the rural countries deficient of equal wellness workers. In Indonesia every bit good although the figure of physicians and installations has been increased but these are more inclined in favor of the metropoliss ( Healthcare & A ; Pharmaceuticals Forecast Asia & A ; Australasia 2005 ) . It has besides been observed that when undertaking shifting was applied in both states by using the services of local voluntaries of the community who are non needfully physicians or nurses, and developing them, as using Lady Health workers in Pakistan ( Ghaffar et al. 2000 p40 ) and Skilled birth attenders in Indonesia ( Trisnantoro, L et.al 2010 ) better consequences were received as can be seen by the decrease in the maternal mortality ratios.Decision:To reason it was seen that in supplying a comparative position of the Pakistan and Indonesia, there came up some similarities and some important differences. In respects to prevalence of wellness issues it was observed that there were some dramatic resemblance in the class of the diseases that plagues both states but the difference was observed in their incidence rates. This was observed majorly due to the rigorous base taken by the Indonesian authorities on their execution policies while some deficits were seen in the Pakistan autho rities in this respect. However comparing their wellness attention systems revealed rather similar methods of administration, similar lacks in the system. There was seen to be a inclination of the authoritiess to trust on foreign support, and saving less for their wellness budget, a weak public sector with an increasing disposition towards the private wellness sector and an unequal distribution of work force. Overall there was a deficiency of turn toing the issues at the grass root degree seen in both states.